中文摘要：

摘要：随着中国制造业劳动工资和能源价格不断上涨，过去依靠成本优势获得的竞争力正在逐渐减弱。基于要素替代的框架构建了包含中性和有偏技术进步的KLEM超越对数成本函数模型，利用中国制造业30个行业2001-2010年数据进行分析后发现：第一，总体上除劳动和能源互补以及能源与中间品关系不确定外，其余各要素均呈替代关系；第二，不同来源的技术进步对成本的节约效应不同；第三，中国制造业的确存在技术偏向，其中R＆D更倾向于资本增强型和偏向型技术进步，而FDI更倾向于能源、劳动增强型和偏向型技术进步。

英文摘要：

With the rising of wages and energy prices, China＇s manufacturing industry is losing its competitiveness once gained from its cost advantages. This paper makes an analysis of the data of China＇ s 30 manufacturing industries from 2001 to 2010 by constructing a KLEM translog cost func- tion model containing the neutral and biased technological progresses on the basis of the framework of the factor substitution. The results are as follows. Firstly, all the factors present a substitutive rela- tion in general, except that the relationship between labor and energy complementation and the rela- tionship between energy and intermediates are uncertain. Secondly, technical progresses from different sources have different effects on cost savings. Thirdly, there does exist technical bias in China＇ s manufacturing industry, among which R＆D is more inclined to technical progresses of capital-enhance- ment mode and capital-biased mode, whereas FDI is more inclined to technical progresses of energy or labor-enhanced mode and energy or labor-biased mode.