中文摘要：

反渗透（RO）脱盐是目前最经济的苦咸水和海水淡化技术.卷式反渗透膜器由于各项性能指标较好,膜堆积密度大、脱盐率高、寿命长,而成为被选用最多的膜器.大多数脱盐工厂的设计都基于卷式膜器.

英文摘要：

Reverse osmosis （RO） desalination is universally recognized as the most cost effective technology for desalting both brackish water and sea-water. The design of the vast majority of RO desalination plants is based on spiral wound membrane modules. Though spiral wound modules show overall favorable performance, there is still much room for improving their flow performance and thereby lowering water costs. Improved module design could be achieved by better understanding of the geometric and operating parameters that determine the complex flow patterns in a spiral wound module. It is widely recognized that flow maldistribution can have a negative impact on module performance. Residence time distribution （RTD） tests have a potential for on-line detection of such defects. In the present study, RTD techniques were used to characterize the degree of uniformity of flow in the membrane passages and diagnose flow distribution defects. RTD data showed that feed pressure had no effect at all on the magnitude of the dispersion coefficient indicating no distortion of the flow passages by pressure increase. Significant deviation from ideal plug flow was found in the laboratory size and industrial size RO systems. In both systems, the dispersion coefficient increased roughly linearly with the Reynolds number.