中文摘要：

为了解中华绒螯蟹血细胞组成、分类及其在免疫应答过程中起到的重要作用,本研究通过细胞化学和细胞酶学分析,并结合细胞形态观察,对中华绒螯蟹血细胞的组成、分类进行了研究。同时,通过人工感染嗜水气单胞菌后血液的总血细胞数（THC）和不同类型血细胞数（DHC）的变化,研究不同类型血细胞在免疫应答过程中所发挥的作用。结果显示,依据本实验分类方法,中华绒螯蟹血细胞可以分为4类：大颗粒细胞（G）、中间型颗粒细胞（IG）、小颗粒细胞（SG）和透明细胞（H）。其中小颗粒细胞数量最多,约占33.54%±0.98%,中间型颗粒细胞最少,仅占15.31%±2.01%。4种类型细胞中均含有多糖成分而不含脂质,只有大颗粒细胞在酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶、β-葡萄糖醛酸酶以及酚氧化酶染色中发现阳性反应。此外,嗜水气单胞菌感染后中华绒螯蟹总血细胞数在3 h后明显升高,在6 h达到峰值,约9.57×106个/m L,并显著高于未处理组和生理组;在感染过程中,大颗粒细胞数量明显下降而透明细胞数量明显上升,这种现象在6 h时达到顶峰并随着时间延长而逐渐恢复至正常水平。研究表明,在中华绒螯蟹非特异性免疫应答过程中,透明细胞主要通过大量增殖执行吞噬功能来参与免疫应答,而大颗粒细胞主要通过裂解释放胞质中所含免疫相关酶参与免疫反应。其中,各类型细胞之间可能存在相互转化作用,而中间型颗粒细胞为这种转化中的过渡类型。

英文摘要：

To study the classification, compositon and the role of different types of hemocytes in immune response in Eriochior sinensis, we researched the composition and classification of hemocytes from E. sinensis using cytochemical assays, cytoenzymatic assays and morphological observation in this investigation. Meanwhile, total hemocyte counts（THC） and different hemocyte counts（DHC） were performed. Our results showed that hemocytes from E. sinensis were divided into four types： granulocytes（G）, intermediate granulocytes（IG）, semigranulocyte（SG） and hyalinocytes（H）. SG got the highest percentage about 33.54% while IG got the lowest only about 15.31%. Only granulocytes showed positivity to acid phosphatase, alkaline phospatase, β-glucuronidase and phenoloxidase and all types of hemocytes contain polysaccharide but no lipid. In addition, the THC increased obviously at 3 h after the injection of Aeromonas hydrophilia and reached a peak at 6 h, which was significantly higher than blank and saline groups. The numbers of granulocytes declined dramatically and hyalinocytes increased at the same time during the infection of bacteria, and this phenomenon recovered to their normal level 6 h later. Therefore, we concluded that hyalinocytes perform phagocytosis with large numbers of proliferation while granulocytes perform release of the immune-related enzymes with cell lysis during the response in nonspecific immunity in E. sinensis. In addition, there might be transformations between various types of hemocytes and intermediate granulocytes were the interim types during the transformation. Hemocyte classification in crustacean had been studied by several researchers but there was no final conclusion in this field. The method of three categories was adopted by most researchers. However, the author found that there was one intermidiate type of hemocytes and it would be helpful to the research of hemocytopoiesis and immune function of different types of hemocytes.