中文摘要：

组织器官缺损或功能损失是人类健康所面临的重大危害,具有特定结构和组成的再生医学材料是实现组织再生与修复的关键和物质基础。本文对具有取向结构和梯度分布的再生医学材料的制备方法及其生物学性能进行了综述。与传统的再生医学材料相比,取向结构使得细胞在支架中呈取向分布和生长,有利于营养物质及代谢产物的传递,可用于构建具有取向结构的三维组织。具有物理性能、化学组成、生物因子梯度分布的再生医学材料能够调控细胞在梯度方向的黏附、迁移和分化等行为。基于仿生学原理设计的具有取向结构和梯度分布的再生医学材料为缺损组织或器官的再生与修复提供了更适宜的微环境,可望获得更出色的再生修复效果。

英文摘要：

The tissue loss or organ failure,resulting from trauma or diseases,is a major concern in human healthcare.The recent development of regenerative medicine by combing the cells and degradable scaffolds offers a unique pathway to recreate tissues and organs with high bioactivity and biomimetic structures.This article reviews the state-of-art of the ordered and gradient scaffolds in terms of their preparation methods and biological performance.In contrast with the homogeneous counterpart,the ordered scaffolds facilitate delivery of nutrients and metabolites,and can guide cell growth,distribution and new tissue formation in vitro,leading to construction of 3D-engineered tissues with ordered cells and extracellular matrix.On the other hand,the gradient cues（e.g.physical,chemical and biological properties） incorporated into the 3D scaffolds can create a microenvironment governing the cell behaviors such as migration rate and direction as well as differentiation,and thereby guiding the tissue regeneration.The methods of phase separation,electrospinning,injection and centrifugation are usually employed to prepare the ordered and gradient 2D substrate and 3D scaffolds.The biological performance of these scaffolds is discussed.Wish such a structure mimicking the native tissue-like environment,the scaffolds are expected to show exceptional advantages in regeneration of tissues and organs of better functions and structures.