中文摘要：

在较低氢氧化钾用量的条件下，采用一步微波辅助KOH活化法由煤沥青成功制备出多孔炭材料。在KOH／沥青质量比为2：1，采用30min微波辅助KOH活化所得多孔炭（PC2-M）的比表面积达1786m^2／g。在KOH、K2SO4、Na2SO4、Li2SO4水性电解液及四乙基四氟化硼酸铵盐／碳酸丙烯酯有机电解液中，研究了PC2-M。电极的电化学性能。在6mol／LKOH水性电解液中，在0．1A／g的电流密度下，多孔炭电极的比容达267F／g；在0．5mol／LK2SO4中性电解液中，多孔炭电容器的能量密度高达12．0Wh／kg，对应的功率密度为1318W／kg。因此，一步微波辅助氢氧化钾活化煤沥青是一种简单、高效且低能耗的制备超级电容器用高性能多孔炭的方法。

英文摘要：

Porous carbons （PCs） for supercapacitors were prepared from coal tar pitch by a one-step microwave-assisted KOH ac- tivation with low KOH consumption. The surface area of the PC （ PC2-M ） made at a KOH/pitch mass ratio of 2 with microwave heating for 30 rain reaches 1 786 m2/g. The electrochemical performance of the PC electrode for supercapacitors was evaluated in different electrolytes including KOH, K2 SO4, Na2 SO4, Li2 SO4 in water, and tetraethylammoniatetra fluoroborate in propylene car- bonate. The supercapacitors have a high specific capacitance of 267 F/g in 6 mol/L KOH aqueous electrolyte at 0.1 A/g and a high energy density of 12.0 Wh/kg at 1 318 W/kg in a 0.5 mol/L K2SO4 neutral electrolyte. The one-step microwave-assisted KOH ac- tivation is a simple, efficient and low energy-consumption approach for the preparation of high performance PCs for supercapacitors.