中文摘要：

利用唐古拉监测点实测气象及活动层土壤水热资料，结合SHAW模型，对青藏高原高海拔多年冻土区活动层土壤的水热特征进行了模拟研究，并与观测结果进行了对比．结果显示：SHAW模型对活动层陆面能量通量（净辐射、地表面热通量、潜热及感热）和活动层土壤温度的模拟比较成功；对活动层水分的模拟结果参差不齐，有些深度土壤水分模拟不理想，但有一半以上观测深度的模拟结果相对较好．土壤水分模拟结果产生误差的原因比较复杂，初始含水量的选取、土壤结构参数及水热动力学参数的不确定性是导致模拟结果误差的可能原因．总体上，SHAW模型是研究高海拔多年冻土区活动层土壤水热过程较理想的陆面模式．

英文摘要：

Using the meteorological data and the soil thermal and hydro data at different depths in the active layer measured at the Tanggula observation site, combined with the SHAW model, the soil hydro and thermal characteristics of the active layer in the permafrost region with higher elevations were simulated. The simulated results were compared with the measured data. It is revealed that the SHAW model could successfully simulate the energy fluxes such as net radiation, ground heat flux, latent heat and sensible heat on land surface and the soil temperatures of the active layer. The simulation result of the soil unfrozen water content is a bit poorer relative to soil temperature and surface energy fluxes, while there are over a half observation depths with a good agreement to measured data. The reason for the simulation error on soil water is complicated. The selected initial water content, the uncertainty of parameters of soil structure, and soil hydrodynamics and thermodynamics are the possible reasons for the errors. As a whole, the SHAW model is a better land sur face model in the study on the hydro and thermal processes of the active layer in the permafrost regions with higher elevations.