中文摘要：

有机单（双）硫代磷（膦）酸分子中含有硫和磷、或硫、磷、氧原子,可以与多种金属离子螯合,被广泛用做金属萃取剂或缓蚀剂、浮选捕收剂、润滑油添加剂、农业杀虫剂或除草剂。本文介绍了有机单（双）硫代磷（膦）酸类化合物与金属离子的相互作用,详述了二硫代磷酸如甲酚黑药类及醇基黑药类在矿物浮选上的应用,分析了硫代次膦酸应用于锌、镉、铜、铁以及贵金属的萃取回收,对钴、镍分离以及锕系和镧系元素的分离的作用。在此基础上,提出了有机单（双）硫代磷（膦）酸类化合物的发展方向,包括开发有机单（双）硫代磷（膦）酸的新合成工艺,开展有机单（双）硫代磷（膦）酸萃取性能的研究。

英文摘要：

Dialkyldi（or mono）thiophosphoric（or phosphinic） acid compounds containing sulfur and phosphorus, or sulfur, phosphorus and oxygen atoms, could easily form chelates with metal ions and have been widely used as metal extractants, corrosion inhibitors, flotation collectors, lubricating oil additives, or agricultural pesticides and herbicides. This paper reviews the interaction of dialkyldi（or mono）thiophosphoric（or phosphinic） acids with metal ions, the applications of dithiophosphate compounds such as dicresyl and dialkyl dithiophosphates in the mineral flotation, and the utilization of di（or mono）thiophosphinic acids in the extraction recovery of zinc, cadmium, copper, iron and precious metals and in the separation of cobalt from nickel, or actinides from lanthanides. Based on the review results, further investigations of dialkyldi（or mono）thiophosphoric（or phosphinic） acids were conducted, which included their new synthetic methods and extraction performances.