中文摘要：

线粒体DNA以与原核生物类似的类核体形式存在。线粒体类核有其独特的形态、结构和组分，包含线粒体基因组的很多拷贝和很多不同的蛋白质。大多数物种线粒体类核包含30种或更多种蛋白质。本文主要介绍了线粒体类核的形态、分布、成份和Bogenhagen提出的线粒体类核分层结构模型，最后探讨了线粒体类核的进化改变。

英文摘要：

Mitochondrial DNA is packaged as protein-DNA complexes called nucleoid, by analogy to nucleoid structures in prokaryotic cells. Mitochondrial nucleoid has its own morphology, organization and components. Nucleoids from most organisms contain 30 or more proteins. In this paper, we briefly reviewed the package and sorting of mt-nucleoids, the extensively researched protein components of mt-nucleotids, as well as the model of a layered structure of mtDNA nucleoids proposed by Bogenhagen, then discussed the evolutionary tinkering with mt-nucleoids.