中文摘要：

中国新近纪孢粉植物群的变迁，与当时全球性和区域性气候和环境的变化休戚相关，结果导致现代植物群分布格局的逐渐形成。鉴于新近纪环境变化的错综复杂性，不同地区间的表现存在着很大的差别，因此，在对比孢粉植物群和探讨植物群变化规律时，需要考虑各种不同的影响因素。本文在综述新近纪全球性海洋和气候事件，以及区域性构造和环境变化的同时，结合新近纪地层建阶工作的研究进展，对中国新近纪孢粉植物群的区域定位提出讨论，进而探索孢粉植物群的一些综合性变化规律，以及对环境变化的响应。研究表明，在新近纪前期，尤其在中新世气候最适宜期，中国东部地区的孢粉植物群已经受到逐渐盛行的夏季风的影响。随着青藏高原的逐渐隆起，以及全球性气候变冷的加剧，冬季风开始明显增强，导致草原型干旱性植被在内蒙古地区的形成。其影响在我国华北等地上新世孢粉植物群中反映尤为明显。青藏高原的抬升，直接导致高原孢粉植物区的形成；而横断山脉地区的孢粉植物群由于区内地形、气候复杂而拥有多种生境，加上垂直幅度大，上升运动的连续和持久，保留了许多源于不同植物区系的成份，成为一个独立的孢粉植物区。

英文摘要：

Changes in the Neogene pollen floras of China were closely related to global and regional changes in climate and environment, which resulted in the formation of the distribution pattern of modern floras. It was due to the complexity of the Neogene environment changes that floras in various regions displayed great differences. Various controlling factors are considered in comparing the pollen floras and discussing the rule on the floral diversification. This paper summarizes the major Neogene ocean and climate events, together with some regional tectonic activities and environment changes. Regional orientation in the Neogene pollen floras is proposed in combination with the recent advance on establishing the Neogene stages in China. Some integrated changing rules for pollen floras and their environment response are also discussed. Pollen data show that floras in East China had already been affected by the ever increasing summer monsoon in early Neogene, especially during the Miocene Climatic Optimum. With the gradual uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang （Tibet） Plateau, and the inten- sification of global cooling from middle Miocene,winter monsoon began to prevail, resulting in the formation of steppe in the Inner Mongolia area. This influence is more notable in the Pliocene pollen floras of North China and adjacent regions. The uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang （Tibet） Plateau led directly to the formation of the Qinghai-Xizang palynofloristic region. Meanwhile, pollen flora in the Hengduan Mountains area became an independent palynofloristie region with diverse plant types as a result of complex topographic and climatic conditions.