中文摘要：

信道编码是可靠通信系统中不可或缺的一个环节。从逼近Shannon容量限的角度介绍了信道编码技术的发展历史及现状，描述了几种重要的信道编码方法。重点论述了Turbo码、多元LDPC码、LDPC卷积码和Polar码等可逼近信道容量的现代编码方案，给出了这几种码的特点以及它们在深空通信、5G通信系统和光通信系统中的应用。

英文摘要：

Channel coding is a key technique for reliable communication over noisy channels. This paper briefly introduces the development of channel coding and presents someimportant codes on the journey to channel capacity. Several capacity-approaching codessuch as Turbo codes,non-binary LDPC codes,LDPC convolutional codes and Polar codes are discussed.Then the characteristics of these codes and the applicationsofthese codesin deep-space communication, 5G mobile communication and optical communication systemsare addressed.