中文摘要：

目的研究新疆喀什市3至5岁维吾尔族、汉族儿童口腔白色念珠菌的分布及其与婴幼儿龋（earlychildhoodcaries，ECC）的相关性。方法采用分层整群随机抽样的方式随机抽取喀什市397名3—5岁健康儿童（维吾尔族256名、汉族141名）作为研究对象，其中ECC儿童254名（ECC组），无龋儿童143名（无龋组）。分别采集两组儿童龋坏组织样本及无龋牙的龈上菌斑，应用科玛嘉培养基分离培养，并通过革兰染色、芽管实验及PCR分子生物学方法进行鉴定。分别运用Pe．drson）f。检验和Spearman秩相关对分类资料及等级资料进行统计学分析。结果总体样本中，维吾尔族儿童口腔白色念珠菌检出率[44．5％（114／256）]显著高于汉族儿童[31．2％（44／141）]（P=0．009）；ECC组儿童口腔白色念珠菌检出率[48．8％（124／254）]显著高于无龋儿童[23．8％（34／143）]（P=0．000）；维吾尔族儿童男性白色念珠菌检出率[51.2％（66／129）]显著高于女性[37．8％（48／127）]（P=0．031）；汉族儿童男性口腔白色念珠菌检出率[28．8％（21，73）]与女性[33．8％（23／68）]差异无统计学意义（P=O．517）；维吾尔族和汉族儿童口腔白色念珠菌检出率均与龋失补牙数（decayedmissingfilledtooth，dmft）分级具有相关性（维吾尔族r=0．350，P=0．001；汉族r=0．276，P=0．000）。结论婴幼儿13腔白色念珠菌的分布具有民族差异；维吾尔族儿童口腔白色念珠菌的分布具有性别差异；口腔白色念珠菌可能是龋病的危险因素。

英文摘要：

Objective To explore the relationship between the prevalence of Candida albicans and early childhood caries（ECC） among 3-5 years old children of Uygur and Han nationalities in Kashi city, Xinjiang province. Methods Totally 397 generally healthy children（Uyghurs 256, Hansl41） aged 3-5 years were recruited randomly in Kashi city using the stratified cluster random method. Dental plaque samples were collected from carious tooth tissues of children with ECC and from supragingival tooth sites of caries free（CF） children, respectively. Plaque samples were cultured and Candida albicans were isolated selectively by using CHROM agar candida medium. The isolates were further identified using methods of germ tubes test, Gram stain and PCR molecular biology. The data were analyzed using Pearson X2 test and Spearman analysis. Results The prevalenses of Candida albicans were 44.5%（114/256） in Han children and 31.2%（44/141） in Urgur children, respectively（P=0.009）. Candida albicans could be isolated from 48.8% （124/254） of ECC children, while 23.8% （34/143） of CF ones（P=0.000）. The frequencies of Candida albicans acquisition of boys and girls of Uygur children were 51.2%（66/129） and 37.8%（48/127）, respectively（P=0.031）. The frequencies of Candida albicans acquisition increased with the decayed missing filled tooth （dmft） scores. For both Uygur and Hanchildren, the detection rates of Candida albicans were correlated with dmft scores（Uygur r=0.350, P=0.001; Han r=0.276, P=0.000）. Conclusions The oral Candida albicans distributions were different in Uygur and Han ethnic groups. There were significant correlations between the presence of Candida albicans and ECC severityas well as score of dmft. There was a difference of the Candida albicans distributions between boys and girls among Uygur children. Candida albicans might be one of the important cariogenic microorganisms in ECC.