中文摘要：

国外临床流行病学研究表明,婴幼儿期使用抗生素可明显增加儿童哮喘发病的风险,其具体机制尚未完全明确,可能主要与抗生素导致婴幼儿肠道正常菌群定植变化、肠道菌群多样性减少密切相关。由于生命早期肠道正常菌群对固有免疫、适应性免疫及免疫耐受具有重要作用,婴幼儿期使用抗生素可改变肠道正常菌群数量与组成,导致机体免疫稳态失调,从而增加儿童哮喘发病的风险。我国儿童抗生素不合理使用非常普遍,应引起儿科医师的足够重视。

英文摘要：

According to clinical epidemiological researches, the usage of antibiotics in infant increases the risk of childhood asthma morbidity. The mechanism of this link is not entirely clarified, and it is assumed of being related to side effects of antibiotics, which changes the colonization of normal intestinal flora and reduces the diversity. It is clear that normal intestinal flora of infant help to construct innate immune system and adaptive immune system, and forge immune tolerance. Therefore, normal intestinal flora might be helpful in reducing allergies. The usage of antibiotics in early life changes the quantity and the composition of intestinal flora, and breaks the balance of immune homeostasis, which might increase the risk of asthma morbidity. The abuse of antibiotics in children is a general phenomenon in China which needs attention from pediatricians.