中文摘要：

《2014年欧洲心脏学会急性肺栓塞指南》着眼于肺栓塞（pulmonary embolism，PE）临床管理，对PE诊断与治疗方面进行了重点更新，包括：静脉血栓栓塞症（venous thromboembolism，VTE）易患因素的补充；临床预测标准的简化；根据年龄调整的D-二聚体界值；亚段PE；偶然发现的、临床未预料的PE；中危PE的再分层；维生素K拮抗剂的初始治疗；新型口服抗凝药物的VTE治疗及二级预防；中危患者再灌注治疗的有效性和安全性；PE患者早期出院及家庭治疗；慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压的现代诊治；妊娠和肿瘤PE患者管理的正式建议。新指南给予PE临床工作中遇到的新老问题更广泛、更深入的解答，也提出了今后临床研究工作中需要关注与解决的问题，为PE的防治提供了全面的指导性建议。

英文摘要：

2014 European Society of Cardiology （ESC） Guidelines on the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism （PE）,focusing on the clinical practice, update many clinically relevant new aspects： recently identified predisposing factors for venous thromboembolism （VTE）, simplification of clinical prediction rules, age-adjusted D-dimer cut-offs, sub-segmental PE, incidental, clinically unsuspected PE,advanced risk stratification of intermediate-risk PE,initiation of treatment with vitamin K antagonists, treatment and secondary prophylaxis of VTE with the new direct oral anticoagulants, efficacy and safety of reperfusion treatment for patients at intermediate risk, early discharge and home （outpatient） treatment of PE, current diagnosis and treatment of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, formal recommendations for the management of PE in pregnancy and of pulmonary embolism in patients with cancer. New guidelines offer comprehensive suggestions for prevention and treatment in PE.