中文摘要：

目的探查大鼠椎骨解剖学特点,为制作大鼠脊髓损伤模型定位提供参考和解剖学依据;建立一种更可靠的急性大鼠脊髓损伤模型。方法将10只体重为200-250 g Wistar大鼠脊柱区进行解剖,对椎骨位置和形态特点进行观察。另取36只成年雌性Wistar大鼠随机分成3组,每组12只：脊髓损伤（SCI）组、假手术组、正常组。各组定期行为学观察（BBB评分）,术后30 d进行组织学观察和神经电生理检测。结果第9、10、11胸椎棘突之间距离最为靠近;第一腰椎棘突与脊柱两侧银白色腱膜第一个相交接处对应。HE染色：SCI组可见组织结构不完整,损伤区可见大片坏死灶。BBB评分：SCI组术后第2周开始恢复,最终BBB评分未超过6分。神经电生理（SEP,MEP）检测：SCI组可以明显看到SEP与MEP的峰-峰值急剧降低,且潜伏期明显延长。结论本实验模型制作方法操作简便、重复性好,是较为理想的方法,为大鼠脊髓损伤模型的制作提供了解剖学依据和有力保证。

英文摘要：

Objective To explore the anatomical characteristic of rat vertebrae and to offer the reference and anatomy foundation of localization on model of rat spinal cord injury. To establish a more reliable model for rat acute spinal cord injury（ SCI）. Methods Anatomy of ten wistar rats（ 200 - 250 g） vertebral region was done and location and shape characteristics of vertebrae was observed. Thirty-six female rats were randomly assigned to 3 groups（ n = 12 per group） ： SCI group,Sham group and Normal group. Ethological observation（ BBB scores） was done regularly. Histological and electrophysiological tests were performed on the 30 th day after operation. Results The distance of spinous process of thoracic vertebra was the shortest between the nine,the ten and the eleven. The first spinous process of lumbar vertebra correspond the first intersection of argentate aponeurosis on both sides of spinal column. HE staining results in SCI group showed fragmented construction,and focal necrosis was detected in injured region. BBB scores revealed that in SCI group functional recovery began in 2 nd week after operation,and the scores failed to exceed 6 finally. Electrophysiological（ SEP,MEP） demonstrated that peak-to-peak value dropped sharply and latency was extended obviously in SCI group. Conclusion This method of model can be regarded as a simpler and ideal way which was in good reproducibility and can provide the anatomy foundation and a powerful guarantee to establish the rat model for SCI.