中文摘要：

基于程序频谱的动态缺陷定位是软件自动化调试研究中的一个热点问题，通过搜集测试用例的程序频谱和执行结果，基于特定模型以定位缺陷语句在被测程序内的可能位置．对近些年来国内外学者在该研究领域取得的成果进行系统总结：首先，给出预备知识和基本假设；随后，提出缺陷定位研究框架并识别出框架内一系列可影响缺陷定位效果的内在影响因素，包括程序频谱构造方式、测试套件构成和维护、内在缺陷数量、测试用例预言设置、用户反馈和缺陷修复开销等；接着，对实证研究中采用的评测指标和评测程序进行总结和分析；然后，对缺陷定位方法在一些特定测试领域中的应用进行总结；最后，对该领域未来值得关注的研究方向进行了展望．

英文摘要：

Program spectrum based dynamic fault localization is an active research topic in the domain of software automatic debugging. It aims to localize pontential faults in a faulty program based on a specific model which is constructed on execution behaviors and results of test cases. This survey offers a systematic overview of existing research achievements of the domestic and foreign researchers in recent years. First, some preliminary knowledge and basic assumptions are presented. Next, a research framework is proposed and important influencing factors which can affect the effectiveness of fault localization are identified. These factors include program spectrum construction, test suite maintenance and composition, number of faults, test case oracle, user feedback, and fault removal cost. In addition, the evaluation metrics and subject objects used in previous empirical studies are analyzed. Furthermore, classical applications of fault localization in some specific application domains are summarized. Finally a perspective of the future work in this research area is discussed.