中文摘要：

<正>Takaaki Kajita from Japan and Arthur B.Mc Donald from Canada shared the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physics,‘‘for the discovery of neutrino oscillations,which shows that neutrinos have mass’’.Neutrinos are elementary particles with zero mass in the Standard Model of particle physics.In1998,Takaaki Kajita,on behalf of the Super-Kamiokande collaboration,showed a smoking gun evidence of neutrino

英文摘要：

Takaaki Kajita from Japan and Arthur B. McDonald from Canada shared the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physics, ＂for the discovery of neutrino oscillations, which shows that neu- trinos have mass＂. Neutrinos are elementary panicles with zero mass in the Standard Model of particle physics. In 1998, Takaaki Kajita, on behalf of the Super-Kamiokande collaboration, showed a smoking gun evidence of neutrino oscillation with atmospheric neutrinos [1]. In 2001 and 2002, the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory （SNO） collabo- ration led by Arthur B. McDonald published results showing the solar neutrino oscillation [2, 3]. These two discoveries revealed that neutrinos have mass, which is beyond our understanding of the universe, and thus opened a door to the new physics.