中文摘要：

为研究有不同经验的驾驶员在高速公路特长隧道环境中的视觉特性,在高速公路特长隧道中开展实车试验。利用眼动仪采集29名不同经验驾驶人的注视持续时间、注视点位置、扫视持续时间、扫视频率及扫视幅度等视觉特性参数,运用统计分析方法比较眼动行为的差异性,分析驾驶经验及驾驶环境对驾驶安全的影响。结果表明：相较于普通路段,驾驶员在特长隧道段的平均注视时间更长,注视点分布位置在水平方向更广,在垂直方向趋于集中,扫视更频繁,且扫视幅度变小;相较于非职业驾驶员,职业驾驶员在不同驾驶环境中的注视时间较短,注视点分布位置更广,扫视频率较低且扫视时间较短。

英文摘要：

For the sake of examining the visual characteristics of drivers having different amounts of experience in driving and driving through an extremely long freeway tunnel,real-vehicle tests were conducted,in which 29 drivers＇ visual feature parameters were recorded real-time by using an eye tracker.Visual feature indexes were obtained, including fixation duration, fixation point location, saccadic duration,saccadic frequency and saccadic amplitude. Variance in eye movement behavior was analyzed by using statistical methods,and influences of driving experience and environment on driving safety were investigated. The results demonstrate that in comparison with driving on a section of an open road,mean fixation duration is longer and range of horizontal fixation point positions is wider in the fairly long tunnel while range of vertical fixation point positions is narrower,saccadic frequency is higher and saccadic amplitude is smaller,and that compared with inexperienced drivers,experienced drivers have shorter fixation duration and wider range of fixation point positions,while their saccadic frequency is lower and saccadic duration is shorter.