中文摘要：

昆虫对寄主植物之间的形态适应性是两者相互关系的重要组成部分,本文以植食性蚜虫为研究对象,研究其对不同种类寄主植物叶片的形态适应。选取寄生于禾本科、杨柳科、壳斗科和松科4科7属植物叶片上的26种蚜虫,基于有翅孤雌蚜和无翅孤雌蚜,在光学显微镜下观察、测量并统计比较了37个形态特征及其种内变异。以克隆平均值为基础数据,选取与蚜虫取食和附着于植物表面相关的形态特征（喙末端、跗节Ⅰ、Ⅱ和爪）为变量,分别得出无翅、有翅孤雌蚜和所有蚜型3个聚类分支图,并将各种蚜虫的寄主植物科、属分别对应到分支图上。结果表明：体型、腹管和触角的形态在不同蚜虫的科间有一定差别,喙末端、跗节Ⅰ、跗节Ⅱ及爪的形态则在不同的寄主植物间存在差异;在蚜虫种内各形态特征存在一定变异,变异系数的范围为1.89%~26.08%。3个聚类分析的结果显示,不同种类蚜虫形成的分支基本对应不同科、属的寄主植物;而杨一条角蚜Doraphis populi、三堡瘿绵蚜Epipemphigus imaicus和杨柄叶瘿绵蚜Pemphigus matsumurai则处在较为特殊的分支位置,那是因为前者为次生寄主型,后两者均能产生虫瘿。研究结果表明寄生于不同植物相同部位上的蚜虫存在形态特征的明显分异,对应不同的寄主植物,蚜虫与寄主植物之间存在着形态适应关系。

英文摘要：

Morphological adaptation of insects to their host plants is an important part of the relationship between the two types of organisms.This paper dealt with herbivorous aphids to study their morphological adaptation on different host plant leaves.Twenty-six aphid species which feed on the leaves of 7 genera host plants belonging to 4 families（Poaceae,Salicaceae,Fagaceae,and Pinaceae）were studied.Based on alate viviparous females and apterous viviparous females,37 morphological characters were compared and measured by using light microscope.Then the characters were statistically analysed.Based on the clone means,with the variables such as ultimate rostral segments,tarsi and claws which are related to aphid feeding behavior and adhesion on the surfaces of plants,three clustering dendrogram（alate viviparous female,apterous viviparous female,all morph）were output and mapped with host plant families and genera.The results indicated that some characters of the aphids,such as body,siphunculi and antennae,were different among different aphid families,but some of them,such as the ultimate rostral segments,tarsal segments Ⅰ,tarsal segments Ⅱ and claws,varied among different host plant families.The variations of morphologies within species were within a range with their CV（coefficient of variation）between 1.89% and 26.08%.The clustering analysis showed that the aphids were divided into the clusters which were corresponding to certain host plant family/genera;and the positions of Doraphis populi,Epipemphigus imaicus and Pemphigus matsumurai were special,because the first is the secondary host-plant morph and the latter two are the gall makers.The results suggest that the distinct separation of the aphid species with respectively different morphological character variations is corresponding to different host plants whose surface structures are diverse.These prove morphological adaptation of aphids to host plants.