中文摘要：

近年来，DNA分子跟踪食物链技术发展迅速并逐渐成为脊椎动物与无脊椎动物食物链研究的新型模式。该技术通过对捕食者肠道或粪便中DNA的鉴定，判别所取食的猎物种类，其主要流程包括PCR引物设计、交叉特异性验证、室内测试、田间样本采集与保存、野外标本测试与结果分析等。该文介绍了食物链DNA跟踪技术的发展历程，对捕食者猎物结构、被捕食者天敌种类与猎物可检测时间等三个主要问题进行综述，并提出该技术的局限性与未来发展的方向。

英文摘要：

Trophic interactions play an important role in ecological system. But within complex preypredator interaction, it is difficult to study the scene of food webs with conventional methods. Recently, DNA-based approach tracking the food chain is developed fast, and gradually become a new model on vertebrate or invertebrate trophic chain. Prey species can be identified by molecular analysis on gut or feces. The main steps include primer design, cross-amplification test, lab test and collection of field samples as well as data analysis. This paper gives a brief introduction to development course of DNA-based approach tracking trophic links, and reviews the progress on prey species structure of predator, predator species structure of special prey, and the detectable time of prey. The limits of this technology and its development direction are also presented.