中文摘要：

目的：眼组织生物力学、生物热传递、电磁场分布等生理病理信息在眼部疾病诊治中有重要意义。目前的成像和测量技术难于对以上眼的生理病理变化进行量化分析，有限元建模仿真的引入为这些信息的定量分析提供了可行方案。本文对近年来人眼有限元建模与仿真的研究进展进行综述。方法：首先介绍了眼有限元建模仿真的基本方法。接下来。采取由局部到整体、从前到后的结构顺序重点对眼有限元建模仿真的研究进展进行了归类总结，讨论了这些模型构建与仿真在眼科研究中的应用。结果：分析了有限元建模与仿真在角膜、虹膜、房水、晶状体、玻璃体、视神经乳头、巩膜等局部区域生理病理研究中的应用。分析了基于整体模型对眼部生物热传递和与外力相关的眼组织受力分析的研究现状。结论：人眼建模仿真的研究深化了对眼部生理学和病理学的认识。但由于眼组织生理参数和物理属性测定困难，有限元建模与仿真的运行环境特殊，分析过程复杂，难以推广至个体化的临床实时分析。人眼建模仿真研究重要的发展趋势是：融合先进的成像技术和参数化建模技术构建精细人眼整体形态模型；在体测量物理属性；对构建的模型赋予各向异性、非线性、粘弹性等属性，使模型属性更接近眼组织真实属性；将仿真结果与合理的动物实验相结合。

英文摘要：

Objective Physiological and pathological information of ocular tissue biomechanics, bio-heat transfer, electromag- netic field distribution is important in diagnosis and treatment of eye diseases. It is difficult to quantitatively analyze such in- formation using current imaging and measuring techniques while the finite element modeling and simulation methods could provide a feasible solution for the quantitative analysis of these physiological and pathological information. In this paper, the recent research development of human eye finite element modeling and simulation would be analyzed. Methods Firstly, the basic method of ocular finite element modeling and simulation was introduced. Then, the research development and applica- tion of ocular finite element modeling and simulation were classified and summed up in the order from local to global, fi＇om front to back. Results The application of the finite element modeling and simulation in local regions such as cornea, Iris, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous body, optic, local areas, sclera was analyzed. The research development of ocular bio-heat transfer and external force associate mechanical analysis using global eye model were discussed. Conclusion The research of human eye modeling and simulation deepen the understanding of ocular physiology and pathology. However, due to the diffi- culties of measuring ocular tissue physiological parameters and physical properties, the specificity of running finite element modeling and simulation environment, and the complexity of the analysis process, it is hard to extend finite element methods to individualized clinical analysis in real-time. Important development trends of human eye modeling and simulation are as follows： integrating advanced imaging technologies with parametric modeling techniques to build elegant morphological model of human eye; measuring physical properties invivo; constructing models with properties such as anisotropic, nonlinear and viscoelastic to approximate realistic property of the eye; combini