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中文摘要：
利用中北亚不同纬度的5个气象站（从低纬度到高纬度分别为：库什卡、阿拉木图、托木斯克、图拉、哈坦加）20世纪的气温和降水资料，采用气候倾向率法、Mann．Kendall法和移动t法对这5个站的长期气候变化特征、趋势显著性及突变点进行分析．结果表明：在研究的5个站中，20世纪气温的变化与纬度有一定的关系，纬度较低的站升温现象比纬度较高的站明显，而降水量的变化与纬度关系不大．纬度最低的库什卡站气温倾向率为0．018℃／a，其他4站均小于0．01℃／a，纬度相对较低的库什卡、阿拉木图、托木斯克3站的升温趋势显著，且在20世纪70～80年代发生突变升温；年最低气温比年最高气温的升高现象明显，且纬度最低的库什卡站的升温现象最显著．5个站的降水量倾向率约0．09％／a，但增湿的趋势不显著．
英文摘要：
Based on the temperature and precipitation data of five meteorological stations （Kushka, Almaty, Tomsk, Tula and Hantangea, from low to high latitude） at different latitudes in Central-North Asia over the 20th century, the long-term climate change characteristics, the trend significance and the abrupt change points were analyzed using the climate trend rate method, the Mann-Kendall test method and the sliding t-check method. The test results show that the temperature change of the five stations over the 20th century has some relation with the latitude, and the warming phenomenon is more obvious at the stations at lower latitudes. However, the precipitation change has little relation with the latitude. The temperature trend rate at Kushka station, which has the lowest latitude, is 0.018 ℃/a, and that at the other four stations is less than 0.01℃/a. The warming trend at Kushka, Almaty, and Tomsk stations, which are at relatively low latitudes, is significant, and it changed abruptly during the period from the 1970s to the 1980s. The rise of the minimum temperature is more obvious than that of the maximum temperature, and the wanning phenomenon at Kushka station is the most significant. The precipitation trend rate at the five stations is about 0.09% per year, and the trend is not significant.
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