中文摘要：

均苯四甲酸二酐和二氨基二苯醚溶解在N,N-二甲基乙酰胺中,室温下聚合为聚酰胺酸。以聚酰胺酸溶液作为前驱体,在20 k V电压下静电纺丝,然后进行350℃热亚胺化处理可得到定向排列的聚酰亚胺纳米纤维,再于900℃炭化、3 000℃石墨化,得到均匀连续、定向排列的聚酰亚胺基炭纳米纤维,纤维直径约100 nm。结果表明,聚酰胺酸质量分数为20%的溶液电纺性能最佳,3 000℃石墨化处理后的炭纳米纤维具有典型的石墨结构。

英文摘要：

Polyimide（ PI） is a good carbon precursor owing to its high carbon yield and easy graphitization. PI nanofibers prepared by electrospinning were carbonized and graphitized to prepare aligned carbon nanofibers. Pyromelliticdianhydride and 4,4＇- diaminodiphenyl ether were dissolved in N,N- dimethylacetamide at room temperature and stirred for 2 h to obtain a polyamide acid（ PAA） solution,which was electrospun into aligned PAA nanofibers at 20 k V and collected by a rolling cylinder 18 cm belowthe needle with a rolling speed of 2 800 r / min. The PAA nanofibers were first imidized into the PI nanofibers at 350 ℃,then carbonized at 900 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃ / min and finally graphitized at 3 000 ℃ to obtain continuous and aligned polyimide- based carbon nanofibers. The PAA solution with a concentration of 20% was the most suitable for electrospinning. SEMcharacterization shows that the average diameter of the carbon nanofibers is around 100 nm. The carbon nanofibers after graphitization at 3 000 ℃have a typical graphite structure.