中文摘要：

目的分析住院手术患者抗生素使用的规律与特征,为抗生素使用环节质量控制提供参考依据。方法利用医院信息系统中的药品使用及其费用信息,对住院手术患者使用抗生素状况进行。采用Visual FoxPro 6.0和SPSS 11.0软件进行统计分析。结果（1）520例住院手术患者中使用抗生素者占60.5%,其抗生素的使用时间呈偏态分布,平均使用时间11.8 d。（2）住院手术患者使用最多的是普通类抗生素（60.8%）,其次为贵重类（29.6%）,昂贵类抗生素的使用频率相对较低（9.6%）,但其费用却占有很大的比例（55.2%）;（3）抗生素联合使用：以单种（38.1%）和二联（41.3%）使用为主,三联及以上较少（20.6%）。二联用药主要分布在手术当日及术后1~6 d内,三联以上用药主要在手术当日及术后1~2 d内。（4）不同手术切口类型抗生素使用情况：Ⅱ、Ⅲ类切口昂贵类和贵重类抗生素的使用率高于Ⅰ类切口（P=0.000）,2组间平均用药天数和联合用药发生率差异均无统计学意义（P=0.44,P=0.270）。结论抗生素用药时间、联合用药可作为抗生素使用环节的控制重点,尤其是Ⅰ类切口患者术后预防性使用抗生素在联合用药及用药时间上存在不合理情况,应加强管理。

英文摘要：

Objective To explore the characteristics and regulation in antibiotic use and cost of operation inpatients during hospitalization, and search for the key points about control of antibiotic use to provide basis for it. Methods Database was sorted out with visual FoxPro 6.0. SPSS 11.0 system software was used for statistical analysis. Results （ 1 ）60.5 % of operation inpatients used antibiotic during hospitalization. The time of use antibiotic was positive skewed distribution. The mean was 11.8 days. （2） The frequency of use general antibiotics of operation inpatients was the first （60.8 % ）. The second was the valuable antibiotics（29.6 % ）. The third was the expensive antibiotics（ 9.6 % ）, but their cost was 55.2 % of total antibiotic cost. （3）The status about combining use antibiotics： the percentage of operation inpatients just used one kind of antibiotics was（38.1% ）, used two kinds of antibiotics（41.3 % ）, and used three or more kinds of antibiotics（20.6% ）. The time used two kinds of antibiotics was mainly at operation day and 1- 6 days after operation, and used three or more kinds of antibiotics at operation day and 1-2 days after operation. （4）The status of use antibiotics of operation inpatients with different type incisions. The frequency of operation inpatients with Ⅱ and Ⅲ type incision who used valuable and expensive antibiotics were more than those with Ⅰtype incision（P = 0. 000）. The different between two groups in the time using antibiotics and combining use antibiotics were not significant （ P = 0.445, P = 0. 270）. Conclusion The time and combining of use antibiotics were key control points in using antibiotics process, especially to those operation inpatients with Ⅰ type incisions, there was unreasonable in using antibiotics after operation.