中文摘要：

为分析谷胱甘肽硫-转移酶M基因（glutathione S-transferases M, GSTM）与鱼类低温耐受性的相关性,本实验运用PCR-SSCP技术研究了130尾斑马鱼（Danio rerio）GSTM基因5￠UTR、3￠UTR和第一内含子序列的单核苷酸多态性（Single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs）,同时分析了筛选到的基因型与其低温耐受性状的关联性。结果显示,在其5￠UTR区域检测到AB、BC、AC 3种基因型个体,共A、B、C 3个等位基因,其观测杂合度和期望杂合度分别是1.000和0.570,多态信息含量为0.472,所检测群体在该座位偏离了Hardy-Weinberg平衡；第1内含子中检测到DD、DE 和EE 3种基因型个体,共D、E 两个等位基因,其观测杂合度和期望杂合度分别为0.408和0.477,多态信息含量为0.362,群体在该座位符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡。3￠UTR区域中没有发现多态性。上述2个SNP座位与斑马鱼低温耐受性状的关联分析结果表明,5￠UTR区3种基因型与低温耐受性状均没有显著相关性（χ^2=4.029, P〉0.05）。而第1内含子3种基因型与低温耐受性状显著相关（χ^2=8.498, P〈0.05）：DD基因型在耐低温群体中占优势（50.00%）,并表现为对受低温胁迫斑马鱼的保护性因素（OR=0.520,95%CI=0.255–1.061）,而 DE 基因型在不耐低温群体中占优势（51.31%）,表现为低温胁迫下斑马鱼的危险因素（OR =3.012,95%CI=1.413–6.419）。研究结果为GSTM基因SNPs位点与斑马鱼低温耐受性能关联分析提供了依据,也将为海水经济鱼类抗寒标记筛选育种提供参考。

英文摘要：

In order to explore the correlation between Glutathione S-transferases M （GSTM） gene and cold tolerance traits in fish, the single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） of GSTM gene in 130 zebrafish were investigated using PCR-SSCP method, and the association between the polymorphisms and cold tolerance traits was also analyzed. In the 5￠UTR region, AB, BC and AC genotypes were detected, and there were A, B and C alleles. The observed heterozy-gosity and expected heterozygosity of this locus were 1.000 and 0.570, respectively. The polymorphism information content was 0.472 and the locus in this zebra stock was significantly deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. In intron 1 of the GSTM gene, three genotypes （denoted DD, DE and EE） were found, and there were D and E alleles. The observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity of this locus were 0.408 and 0.477, respectively. The poly-morphism information content was 0.362 and the genotypes distribution fitted to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. And no polymorphism site was identified in 3￠UTR region. The correlation between different genotypes and cold-tolerance traits of zebrafish was analyzed by Pearson’s chi-square test. The results indicated that there was no significant correlation between the genotypes of 5￠UTR and cold-tolerance traits （χ^2 = 4.029, P 〉 0.05）. While the genotypes of intron 1 were significantly associated with the cold-tolerance traits （χ^2=8.498, P〈0.05）. Among them, the DD genotype was dominant in the cold-tolerance group （50.00%） and performed as a protective factor for zebraf-ish under cold stress （OR=0.520, 95%CI=0.255–1.061）. The DE genotype was dominant in the cold-sensitive group （51.31%） and acted as a risk factor for zebrafish enduring cold stress （OR = 3.012, 95% CI = 1.413–6.419）. These results could provide a basis for a further research on GSTM gene in association with cold tolerance in zebrafish, and a reference for the Marker Assistant Selection Breeding in marine commerci