中文摘要：

为探讨玉米穗粒数杂种优势形成的分子机制，以玉米强优势杂交种豫玉22及其亲本综3和87．1的花器官形成期雌穗为材料，采用高通量的2-DE和MALDITOFMS技术，建立蛋白差异表达谱，并对差异蛋白进行了质谱鉴定。结果显示，在检测到的1290个蛋白点中，有114个（8．84％）在杂交种与亲本之间的表达差异达到显著水平，其中表现单亲沉默、偏高亲、中亲表达、偏低亲、杂种上调、杂种下调、亲本特异和杂种特异表达模式的蛋白点分别为27、25、15、13、11、11、10和2个。另外，成功鉴定出其中的104个差异表达蛋白点，涉及代谢、信号转导、能量、转录、蛋白质合成、蛋白运输与储藏、细胞生长与分裂、细胞结构、抗病防御、次生代谢、转座子及功能未知和假定蛋白等12个功能类别。玉米杂交种与亲本蛋白在丰度上的明显差异及涉及多个功能类别，可能与玉米穗粒数杂种优势的形成有关。

英文摘要：

To gain an insight into the molecular basis of heterosis related to kernel number per ear in maize, we established a dif-ferentially expressed protein profiling between highly heterotic hybrid Yuyu 22 and its parental lines Zong 3, 87-1 during ear flo-ral development by using a combined methods of 2-DE and MALDI TOF MS. A total of 1290 protein spots were detected, among which 114 were found to be differentially expressed with a significant difference at P〈0.05. The number of protein spots belongs to the models of expression in hybrid and uniparent but not in another parent （UPF1）, hybrid is equal to the highly expressed par-ent （HDH）, hybrid is equal to the mid-parent （MPE）, hybrid is equal to the lowly expressed parent （LDH）, up-regulated in hybrid （URH）, down-regulated in hybrid （DRH）, dominant expression of uniparental proteins but not in hybrids （UPnFI）, hybrid-specific expressed protein spots （FlnBP） was 27, 25, 15, 13, 11, 11, 10, and 2, respectively. In addition, 104 proteins were identified by using MALDI TOF MS, which are involved in 12 functional categories, including metabolism, signal transduction, energy, gene transcription, protein synthesis, protein transport, and storage, cell growth, cell division, cell structure, disease and defense, sec- ondary metabolism, transposons, unknown and putative proteins. Taken together, expression differences between hybrid and its parents at protein abundances and multiple fimctions of in hybrid may contribute to the heterosis related to kernel number per ear.