中文摘要：

CO2造成全球55%~60%的辐射强迫,迅速有效的减排是对抗气候变化的必要措施,但必须与造成另外40%~45%气候效应的短期气候污染物（SLCPs）减排并行。SLCPs直接或间接地影响地球气候系统的辐射平衡及温度变化,危害生态系统和人类社会安全。控制SLCPs的排放能在短时间内缓解近期全球变暖和海平面上升,弥补CO2减排效应的滞后。在调研大量文献的基础上,首先论述了SLCPs研究的意义所在,归纳了SLCPs减排对全球气候变化的缓解效应。然后对SLCPs 4种代表物质——黑碳、甲烷、对流层臭氧和氢氟碳化物的物理及光学特性、排放变化和时空分布及未来发展可能的趋势进行了分析,在此基础上总结了分别针对4种物质的减排方案。阐述了4种SLCPs物质在不同机制下产生的直接和间接气候效应,以及对应的气候效应发生的机理和相关的大气化学过程,最后总结了国内外在研究SLCPs的大气浓度、区域排放、气候效应、辐射强迫及减排措施的研究方法,指出了研究中存在的不确定性因素及解决方案。

英文摘要：

Pollutants that contribute significantly to climate change over days to decades timescales have been defined as Short-Lived Climate Pollutants （SLCPs）. SLCPs are climate forcers and environment pollutants, which have an effect on earth＇ s radiative balance, influence the global temperature and climate system through different ways. They also have adverse effects on the ecosystem and human society directly and indirectly. Mitigation emissions of the four SLCPs, black carbon, methane, troposphetic ozone and hydrofluorocarbons are the most effective strategy for constraining global warming and the rising of sea level as an important complement to reducing longlived warming gases in the near term. In this paper, we summarized the significance of SLCPs research, pointed out the potential benefits of SLCPs emission reductions. They offered important policy opportunities to reduce radiative forcing and air pollution effects in short term. Then, we explained the physical and optical characteristics of SLCPs, illustrated how they contributed to the regional and global climate by interactions with clouds, ice, snow or other aerosols, discussed the present and future trends of their distribution and radiative forcing, summed up their direct and indirect climate effects and mechanism that are comprehensive in inclusion of all known and relevant processes and proved estimates of main forcing terms. At the same time, the advances in research methods and SLCPs climate effects as well as changes in climate forcing were also introduced in this article. We concluded the potential trends of SLCPs concentration in the atmosphere, pointed out the uncertainties factors in researches and relevant potential measures to reduce harmful emissions, which can slow the rate of climate change and protect the people and regions most vulnerable over the next several decades.