中文摘要：

青藏高原湖泊的矿化度与其湖泊演化所处的自然环境,特别是与气候条件关系密切,根据取得盐湖数量和卫片解译,本区湖泊矿化度在空间上变化的总趋势是由北、西北向南、东南趋向下降,大体上与现代高原年干燥度（年蒸发量/年降水量）呈同步变化。高原盐湖的pH值既与水化学类型有关,又与湖水矿化度有关,即由碳酸盐型→硫酸钠亚型→硫酸镁亚型→氧化物型,其pH值趋于下降,而湖泊的pH值与矿化度大体呈反相关。根据库尔纳可夫—瓦良什科分类法及作者对碳酸盐型的细分,对青藏高原盐湖水化学进行了全面细致划分,从而取得了清晰的规律性认识：本区盐湖水化学具有南北分带,东西分区的特点。不同的盐湖水化学类型,具有不同的专属性,碳酸盐型代表性成矿组合为硼砂（三方硼砂）或硼砂—扎布耶石,以及碱—芒硝组合;硫酸钠亚型代表性成矿组合为芒硝（无水芒硝）—石盐以及镁硼酸盐（库水硼镁石、柱硼镁石等）—钠硼解石—芒硝;硫酸镁亚型代表性成矿组合为硫酸镁盐（泻利盐、白钠镁矾）—石盐、镁硼酸盐—芒硝、芒硝—软钾镁矾—石盐以及大量石膏;氯化物型代表性成矿组合则为光卤石—水氯镁石—石盐、光卤石—石盐,个别盐湖共生南极石。由此可见,青藏高原各类型盐湖矿物组合基本上具有冷相组合特征,芒硝及与其共生的冷相盐类矿物,可成为研究古气候变化的重要标志物。目前已检出青藏高原盐湖水含有59种元素,其中B与Li、Cs、K、Rb有密切共生关系,其含量随湖水矿化度增长大致呈正相关;B、Li、Cs、K、Rb最高正异常落在羌南碳酸盐型带（Ⅰ2）西段—昂拉陵湖区为中心地区;并与本区中新世火山沉积岩系和地热水B、Li、Cs、Rb等高值区并行不悖。以上有力证明B、Li、Cs等特殊元素物质与深部来源有关。据近期大量地球物理和火?

英文摘要：

The salinity of the lakes of the plateau is closely related to the natural environment of lake evolution,especially the climatic conditions.According to the available data and interpretation of satellite images,the salinity of the lakes of the plateau has a general trend of decreasing from north and northwest to south and southeast,broadly showing synchronous variations with the annual precipitation and aridity（annual evaporation/annual precipitation）of the modern plateau.The pH values of the plateau salt lakes are related to both hydrochemical types and salinities of the lake waters,i.e.,the pH values tend to decrease from the carbonate type → sodium sulfate subtype → magnesium sulfate subtype → chloride type;meanwhile,a negative correlation is observed between the pH and salinities of the lakes.According to Kurnakov-Valyashko classification and author＇s subclassifing for carbonate type,a complete and meticulous hydrochemical classification of the salt lakes of the plateau has been made and then a clear understanding of the N S hydrochemical zoning and E-W hydrochemical differentiation has been obtained.There is a genetic association between certain saline minerals and specific salt lake hydrochemical types：the representative mineral assemblages of the carbonate type of salt lake is borax（tincalconite）and borax-zabuyelite（Li2CO3）and alkali carbonate-mirabilite;the representative mineral assemblages of the sodium sulfate subtype are mirabilite（thenardite）-halite and magnesium borate（kurnakovite,inderite etc.）-ulexite-mirabilite;the representative mineral assemblages of the magnesium sulfate subtype are magnesium sulfate（epsomite,bloedite）-halite,magnesium borate-mirabilite,and mirabilite-schoenitehalite,as well as large amount of gypsum;The representative mineral assemblages of the chloride type are carnallite-bischofite-halite and carnallite-halite,with antarcticite in a few individual salt lakes.The above-mentioned salt lake mineral assemblages of various types on the plateau h