中文摘要：

青蒿素被世界卫生组织推选为抗疟一线药物,中药青蒿原植物黄花蒿（Artemisia annua L.）是青蒿素的主要来源.然而,全球范围内黄花蒿青蒿素含量差异较大,大部分地区野生资源无工业提取价值.本文从全球视角对黄花蒿分布与产地适宜性、引种栽培等青蒿素资源再生进行了分析与阐述,并对原料提取工艺、生物合成和化学合成进行综合分析.通过研究及分析发现,高青蒿素含量黄花蒿生态适宜区主要在中国秦岭-淮河分界线以南,面积1.54×10~6 km~2,占全球分布的77.08%.巴西和美国也有少量分布,面积分别为1.49×10~6 km~2（7.43%）和1.30×10~6 km~2（6.47%）.越南和日本有零星分布.优质黄花蒿生态次适宜区包括亚洲东南部、欧洲西部、北美洲南部与南美洲中部.通过黄花蒿新品种培育和规范化栽培可显著提高青蒿素含量.青蒿素资源再生与原料生产为＂一带一路＂走出去的全球中药资源国家战略实施奠定基础.

英文摘要：

The World Health Organization＇s statistics show that there are 212 million malaria cases and 429000 deaths, half of the world＇s population is at risk of malaria, and 91 countries and regions have persistent malaria transmission in 2015. Artemisinin was selected as the most safe and effective antimalarial first-line drug by the WHO, with significant medical and commercial value. Artemisia annua（Qinghao in Traditional Chinese Medicine）, is the main natural plant source of artemisinin. However, the content of artemisinin in A. annua widely varied between countries, and the wild germplasms resources in most areas are unsuitable for extraction. In this review, the global geo-distribution, the suitability of origin, and the breeding and cultivation of A. annua were summarized and analyzed, the extraction technology, biosynthesis and chemical synthesis of raw material were reviewed as well. Using geographic information system for global medicinal plants（GMPGIS）, we report that the most suitable area of high quality A. annua（content of artemisinin 0.8%） is in the south of China＇s Qinling-Huaihe River dividing line with the areas of 1.54×10~6 km~2 worldwide, accounting for 77.08% of the total areas. The Brazil and United States also share a certain potential distribution with areas of 1.49×10~5 km~2（7.43%） and 1.30×10~5 km~2（6.47%）, respectively. Vietnam and Japan are sporadic. The ecological sub-suitable areas for high quality A. annua include Southeastern Asia, Western Europe, Southern North America and central South America. China is still the largest ecological sub-suitable area of high quality A. annua with areas of 2.03×10~6 km~2 accounting for 70% of the world; followed by the United States and Brazil with an area of 3.11×105 km~2（10.22%）, 2.21×10~5 km2（7.26%）. All the above results suggest that China is the main producing nation of high quality A. annua resources. In the past 50 years, China has made great progress for discovery of artemisinin, treatment of malaria and artem