中文摘要：

我国是气象灾害十分严重的国家。西南涡是一个非常重要的灾害性天气系统，与我国夏半年的暴雨洪涝灾害密切相关，对国民经济、社会发展和人民生命财产安全都有着严重的影响。基于西南涡理论研究与科学试验现状，阐述了西南涡大气科学试验的观测基础对西南涡基本信息、理论研究和业务预报的重要意义。从站点分布、设备技术、观测要素等方面，提出了西南涡大气科学试验观测布局的设计思想与技术原则。在此基础上，系统设计了西南涡大气科学试验的观测布局工程，并于2010年、2011年开展了两次西南涡大气科学试验，检验了观测布局设计思想的正确性，推动了西南涡研究与业务的进展。最后，从西南涡大气科学试验的需求、现状和效果，进一步指出了加强其观测布局理论研究和具体实践，对我国经济发展、防灾减灾的重要意义。

英文摘要：

China is a country which has many severe meteorological disasters. Southwest China vortex is an important severe weather system, closely related with the rainstorm flooding in summer half year in China. It has many influences on the national economy, social developmemt, life and property safety of the people. Based on the situation of scientific research and field experiment on Southwest China vortex, this paper gives out the importance of the observational basis with Southwest China vortex atmospheric scientific experiment for the basic data, scientific research and operational forecasting of Southwest China vortex. The design principle and technological way for the observing layout of Southwest China vortex atmospheric scientific experiment from the aspects of the network distri bution, equipment level and observational element are proposed. According to this, the observing layout engineer ing of Southwest China vortex atmospheric scientific experiment is systematically designed. And the main advance was briefly reviewed for the two Southwest China vortex atmospheric scientific experiments in the summer of 2010 and 2011, and from this, the validity was emphasized for the observing designlayout of Southwest China vortex atmospheric scientific experiment, which made progress on the research and operation of Southwest China vortex. Finally, from the needs, present and effect of Southwest China vortex atmospheric scientific experiment, it further points out the importance of strengthing social economy and reducing disaster in the observing designlayout research and practice for the development of China.