中文摘要：

文章介绍了一类尖端直径为1μm-20μm的吸管型电化学传感器-微电极。由于其具有的较高空间分辨率。可用于废水生物处理反应器中生物膜及生物絮体内部等微环境的测试。综述了近年来微电极在生物膜微环境测试中的应用成果，并与一些其他的生物膜分析技术进行比较。探讨了微电极技术用于环境工程领域的发展前景和趋势。

英文摘要：

Microelectrode is a kind of electrochemical sensor, usually 11μm -20μm in diameter, with a relatively high spatial resolution. It can be used for micro-profile determination of bio-film and bio-flocs. First, the paper reviewed the recent study process on microenvironmental determination of biofilm based on microelectrodes, and then compared the technique with other usual analytical methods for bio-film. At last, the prospect and developing trend of microelectrode technique are also discussed.