中文摘要：

粗糙脉孢菌是研究真菌小RNA的模式生物。在物种进化过程中，小RNA调节机制发生了相应的变化。综述了真菌小RNA调控机制的最新研究进展及相关组件，对了解物种进化机制有着重要的意义。随着小分子RNA调控机制研究的不断深入，更多新型的小分子RNA已被发现，这将为RNA干扰研究开拓新的研究领域和发展方向。

英文摘要：

Neurospora crassa is the model organism for research on small RNA in fungi. The regulatory mechanisms on small RNAs vary accordingly with evolution of species. The latest progresses of the regulatory mechanisms on fungi small RNA and their core components are summarized, which will achieve a further comprehension of the evolution of species. Recently, more and more new small RNAs have been discovered as a result of the development of regulation mechanisms of small RNAs, which can exploit a new research field and orientation for the study of RNA interference.