中文摘要：

以5种新疆猪毛菜属植物为材料，常规压片法制片后观察记录染色体数，并进行核型分析。实验结果表明：钠猪毛菜体细胞染色体数2n=18；浆果猪毛菜2n=2x=18=12m＋6sin，属2A核型；木本猪毛菜2n=2x=18—16m＋2sin，属2A核型；东方猪毛菜2n=4x=36—26m＋10sm，属2B核型；长刺猪毛菜2n=4x=36—24m＋4sin＋8st，属2B核型。猪毛菜属植物的染色体基数为9，东方猪毛菜、长刺猪毛菜为四倍体，其它3种均为二倍体。与Бочанцев基于形态学特征建立的分组系统及各组的演化地位相比，东方猪毛菜属于原始的硬叶猪毛菜组，而本研究表明该种在核型上相对较为进化；其余3种核型地位与所属组的演化地位相符。

英文摘要：

Using the common（slice-making） method, the chromosome numbers and karyotypes of Salsola five species from Xinjiang have been studied. The results show that： the chromosome number of Salsola nitraria Pall. is 18. The karyoptype formulae and karyotypes of other four species are： S. foliosa （L.） Schrad. 2n=2x= 18=12m＋6sm, 2A type~ S. arbuscula Pall. 2n= 2x= 18 = 16m＋ 2sm, 2A type; S. orientalis S. G. Gmel. 2n= 4x = 36 = 26m ＋ 10sm, 2B type; S. paulsenii Litv. 2n = 4x = 36=24m ＋ 4sm ＋ 8st, 2B type. 9 is the basic chromosome number of genus Salsola L.. S. orientalis and S. paulsenii are tetraploid, whereas other three species are diploid. Comparing with the section system of Бочанцев based on the mor- phological characteristics,the species S. orientalis S. G. Gmel. belongs to the primitive section,Sect. Caroxylon（Thunb. ）,while karyotype analysis proved that this species is a relatively advanced species. The results of cytological analysis for other three species are consistent with the morphological results.