中文摘要：

红土型镍矿占世界上镍矿总储量的85％。近年来，红土型镍矿床找矿勘查工作在一些国家和地区取得了重要进展。本文较详细地总结了红土型镍矿床地质特征，分析了红土型镍矿床的矿化类型和成矿条件，并归纳出红土型镍矿床7个方面的关键找矿标志。红土型镍矿床按其成分和内部结构不同可分为褐铁矿带、粘土带、腐岩带及风化基岩带。根据不同带内镍矿化特征和载镍矿物特征，又可将红土型镍矿化分为硅酸盐型、粘土型和氧化物型3类。红土型镍矿床形成条件分析显示，富镍超基性岩是其形成的物质条件，热带．亚热带湿热气候是其形成的风化营力条件，地形．地貌和构造组合为镍元素活化．淋滤一沉积提供了通道和赋存空间，良好的物理化学条件提供了内在的成矿动力，稳定的大地构造环境为其形成后的保存提供保障。红土型镍矿床的关键找矿标志主要有富镍超基性岩发育的构造位置、风化壳发育、岩性为超基性岩、有利的地形．地貌、遥感．地球化学和地球物理异常区。

英文摘要：

Lateritic nickel deposits account for 85% of the world＇s nickel reserves. Recent years in some countries and areas, it has made a great progress in prospecting for lateritic nickel ore deposit. This paper summarized geological features of the lateritic nickel deposits. The paper showed seven key aspects on mineralized types and metaUogenic condition for prospecting for lateritic nickel ore deposits. According to the differences of composition and internal structure, lateritic nickel ore deposit can be divided into four zones, which from top are ferritization zone, clay zone, saprolite zone and efflorescent bedrock zone. According to the characteristics of nickel mineralization and nickel-taking mineral in the different zones, lateritic nickel mineralization can be divided into three types including silicate, clay and oxide types. It can be seen that nickel-rich ultra-basic rocks is under the basic material condition. Evidence shows that the tropical and subtropical climatic conditions provided efflorescent agent, topography, geomorphy and structural assemblage provided the channels and spaces where nickel can be activated, leached and deposited; physical chemistry conditions provided the intrinsic motivation, and the stable tectonic provided a suitable condition for conservation of the deposit. There are many key signs to prospect the lateritic nickel deposits, for example, the structure position where nickel-rich ultra-basic rocks developed, developed weathering crust, ultra-basic rocks.