中文摘要：

研究训练导致的脑可塑性变化对于理解人类大脑的功能是极其重要的，而音乐家的大脑是研究此类问题的一个理想模型。文章通过对性别年龄相匹配的16位音乐家和16位非音乐家大脑的结构磁共振成像进行基于皮层表面的脑形态学分析，统计对比了大脑皮层的一阶及二阶形态特征。结果显示：音乐家在枕上回、颞上沟、顶下小叶及中央旁小叶区域具有更大的皮层表面积；在胼胝体附近皮层展示出更高的平均皮层厚度；在枕叶、颞叶、额叶及顶叶中与视觉、躯体运动、情绪、运动控制、听觉及躯体感觉等功能相关的若干脑区，展示出更高的皮层形态复杂度。长期的音乐训练可能会使得音乐家大脑在基本的感知和运动系统．以及情绪相关脑区．具有更显著的皮层形态特征改善。这些结果为我们更好地理解音乐训练相关的大脑结构可塑性增添了新的证据。

英文摘要：

It is crucial for understanding human brain to research the plasticity changes induced by training. In this study, brain structural MRI data of 16 musicians and 16 age- and gender-matched non-musicians was analyzed by surface-based morphometry and statistically compared at the first and second order morphological characteristics of the cerebral cortex. Compared with non-musicians, musicians showed larger surface areas in the superior occipital gyrus, the superior temporal sulcus, the inferior parietal Iobule, and the paracentral Iobule, and enhanced average cortical thickness nearby the corpus callosum, and more complex cortex morphology in several regions related to vision, body movement, emotion, movement control, audition and somatesthesia, distributing over the occipital, temporal, frontal, and parietal lobes. It is found that long-term musical training may significantly improve the cortex morphology characteristics of musicians in the brain regions involved with basic perception, motor system and emotion, and these findings extend our understanding of the brain structural plasticity of musicians who have had long-term musical training.