中文摘要：

为了探寻甲真菌病患者病甲部位的真菌多样性，以期对临床治疗提供参考，结合菌种培养的形态学研究和rDNAITS序列分析的方法，对临床拟诊为甲真菌病患者的病甲分离培养菌株进行物种鉴定，并以丰富性指数（Ma）、多样性指数（H’）、均匀度指数（J）等指标分析指甲和趾甲分离真菌的多样性。2010年2月至9月在北京大学第三医院皮肤科的1568例拟诊甲真菌病患者中，641例培养阳性，包括趾甲561例和指甲80例。检测到的皮肤癣菌占59．13％（其中红色毛癣菌为96．04％），酵母菌17．00％，其他真菌23．87％。分离自趾甲的Candidagalli、Lewiainfectoria和Paraconiothyriumhawafiense，以及分离自指甲的Cyberlindnerajadinfi确定为中国新记录种。趾甲分离菌的物种多样性指数H’、丰富度指数Ma和均匀度指数J均高于指甲分离菌。研究结果表明，该医院就诊甲真菌病患者可分离培养的真菌以皮肤癣菌的红色毛癣菌为主要物种，且趾甲分离菌的菌种多样性较指甲的更为明显。

英文摘要：

To provide references for clinical treatments, fungal species isolated from nails infected with onychomycosis were identified based on morphological observations and rDNA ITS sequence analyses. Values of Shannon-Wiener biodiversity index （H＇）, Margalef richness index （Ma） and Pielou evenness index （J） were calculated for comparison between fingernail and toenail samples. A total of 641 strains were isolated from 1 568 onychomycosis patients attending the Department of Dermatology, Peking University Third Hospital from February to September 2010, including 561 strains from toenails and 80 from fingernails. Dermatophytes were detected in more than half of the cases （59.13%）, with Trichophyton rubrum as the dominant species （96.04%）, followed by yeasts （17.00%） and other fungi （23.87%）. Among the species identified, Candida galli, Lewiain fectoria and Pareconiothyrium hawaiiense isolated from toenails, as well as Cyberlindnera jadinii from fingernails are new records to China. The H＇, Ma and J values of fungi isolated from toenails were greater than those from fingernails. The results also showed that the most common isolated fungus from the onychomycosis patients was T. rubrum. Fungal species diversity from toenails was more abundant than that from fingernails.