中文摘要：

【目的】评价江苏省氮素化肥施用的适宜性,为合理施用氮肥提供依据。【方法】以自主研制的土壤氮素矿化模型、有机肥氮素释放模型和氮肥利用率模型为基础,将模型与GIS技术耦合,对江苏省2000年农田土壤、有机肥供氮量的空间变异状况及其成因进行分析,并将模拟农田需氮素化肥量与实际施氮量进行比较,分析2000年江苏省各地区氮肥施用的合理性。【结果】若以实际作物产量为标准,全省约有71.8%的农田氮肥过剩,过剩总量约7.66×108kg,占总施氮量的41.5%,少部分地区施氮不足;若以现实最高产量为标准,则有64.3%农田氮肥不足,亏缺总量约8.06×108kg。太湖地区、宁镇丘陵区、徐州等地氮肥盈余量较多,而滨海盐土区则施氮量不足。【结论】如果把施氮过量区的过剩氮肥投入到施氮不足区,做到资源的最优化利用,将会产生巨大的经济、环境效益。

英文摘要：

[Objective] The objective of this study was to provide scientific guidance for optimizing agricultural field nitrogen management that was based on the evaluation of current nitrogen application practice in Jiangsu Province in 2000. [Method] The agricultural nitrogen models, consisting of the soil mineralization model, the organic manure nitrogen releasing model and the nitrogenous fertilizer use efficiency model, combined with the GIS technique were used to describe the spatial variability of nitrogen released from soil and organic manure and to identify its contributing factors. The comparison of nitrogen fertilizer amount required by croplands that was simulated by the models with the actual nitrogen fertilizer applied rate was used to evaluate the current nitrogen application reasonableness. [Result] The results showed that nitrogen was excessively applied in 71.8% of croplands given that the actual crop yield was desired. The overcommitted nitrogen amounted to 7.66 - 108 kg, accounting for 41.5% of the total nitrogen applied. Given that the actual highest yield was desired, nitrogen was shortened in 64.3% of croplands. The total shortage of nitrogen was about 8.06 - 108 kg. Low use efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer was found in Taihu lake area, Nanjing-Zhenjiang hilly area and Xuzhou area, while the east beach area of Jiangsu showed an obvious deficiency of nitrogen fertilizer inputs. [ Conclusion ] It was predicted that balance of nitrogen fertilizer in Jiangsu croplands between excessive and deficient application areas would greatly produce economic and environmental advantages.