中文摘要：

目的 建立两足动物鸸鹋的新型股骨头坏死动物模型,以期更好地进行骨坏死机制及治疗评价的研究.方法 成年鸸鹋20只,通过定制的治疗探针插入股骨头负重区,采用局部缓慢注射8 ml无水乙醇的方式造成股骨头坏死,并在术后1、4、8、12周进行髋关节磁共振成像检查.实验动物处死后取股骨头标本进行显微计算机断层摄影扫描及常规组织学检查.结果 所有鸸鹋术后无明显感染征象,未发生实验动物异常死亡.髋关节磁共振成像在术后1周时表现为股骨近端的广泛水肿,随时间进展水肿范围逐渐向近端缩小,在12周局限至股骨头内.术后股骨头标本的组织学检查显示死骨形成,骨坏死修复反应活跃.实验侧股骨头内骨小梁结构及骨矿物量与对照侧相比差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,观察至术后6个月,未见股骨头塌陷.结论 采用局部注射无水乙醇的方式可以建立股骨头坏死的塌陷前动物模型,骨坏死后的修复方式可能与骨坏死的结局具有一定的相关性.

英文摘要：

Objective To establish a new animal model of osteonecrosis of the femoral head by local ethanol injection in emu.Methods Eight milliliter ethanol was injected slowly to the operated femoral head with customized probe in twenty adult male emus.Postoperatively,hip magnetic resonance imaging was performed at 1,4,8,12 weeks.After emus were sacrificed,the femurs were collected for micro-computed tomography and histological analysis.Results No emu demonstrated signs of infection or died unexpectedly.Magnetic resonance imaging examination showed broad edema at proximal femur at 1 th week,and the edema decreased with time,till local edema at femoral head at the 12th week.Histological images showed human-like osteonecrotic changes with active bone repair.There were significant differences in trabecular structure and bone mineral density between the operated and intact femoral hems.No collapse was found 6 months after the operation.Conclusions This emu model of femoral head osteonecrosis by local ethanol injection can progress to early stage osteonecrosis.The different repair methods may have certain correlation with the results of osteonecrosis of the femoral heads.