中文摘要：

黑鳍鲸（Sarcocheilichthys nigripinnis）为广泛分布于东亚地区的小型淡水鱼类，是生物地理学研究的良好材料。该研究以线粒体细胞色素b（Cytb）基因序列为分子标记，对中国8个水系20个采样点的黑鳍鲸共142尾个体进行遗传变异及生物地理学过程分析。遗传多样性分析结果表明，142条Cytb基因序列共检测出56个单倍型，总体单倍型多样性较高（h=0．971），而核苷酸多样性较低（a=0．0212），平均遗传距离较小（2．2％）。分子系统发育树结果表明，黑鳍鲸种群分为7个谱系，以秦岭为界可分为南、北两大支系，北方支系分化时间较早（谱系I）而南方支系分化程度较高（谱系II～VII）。该研究结果进一步揭示了克氏鲸（sczerskii）的物种形成过程，估算其祖先在较晚近时期（～1．03Ma）由黄河水系的黑鳍鲸分化而来。谱系生物地理学分析显示，黑鳍鲸的各地理种群表现为由北向南逐渐演化的趋势，地理隔离可能是限制该物种扩散和基因交流的主要原因。分子钟分析显示，分化时间发生于0．95～3．92Ma。种群历史动态结果则推测黑鳍鲸经历过种群扩张，且该过程可能与更新世冰期与间冰期的更迭相关。

英文摘要：

Sarcocheilichthys nigripinnis is a small cyprinid fish widely distributed in East Asia, and it has been widely used in biogeographic analyses of freshwater fishes in China. In the present study, 142 S. nigripinnis individuals from 20 sampling sites in eight river systems were collected to investigate its phylogeography and genetic variations.. Populations from the Yellow River represent northern clade and all others represent southern clade. The results showed that 56 haplotypes were identified as mitochondrial DNA （mtDNA） Cyt b gene of 1 140 bp length. Relatively high haplotype diversity （h=0.971） and low nucleotide diversity （n-=0.0212） were detected, and the estimated average genetic distance was 2.2%. Moreover, a neighbor-joining （NJ） tree revealed seven strongly supported lineages. Populations from the Yellow River were located at the basal position, whereas the remaining populations were more derived. Our results indicate that S. czerskii might have been evolved from S. nigripinnis in the Yellow River -1.03 Ma. Based on the phylogeographical analysis of S. nigripinnis, we also suggest that vicariance, following mountain uplift and drainage isolation, plays an important role in producing evolutionary lineage differentiations. Moreover, molecular dating estimated that the divergence time of S. czersldi could be dated back to 0.95-3.92 Ma. Mismatch distribution analysis and neutrality tests also suggested the recent demographic expansions of S. nigripinnis populations, and that the effects of Pleistocene climatic changes could be a vital factor of the population dynamics ofS. nigripinnis.