中文摘要：

采用野外采样与室内实验相结合，对种植业（A）、养殖业（B）和生活污水（C）3种影响类型河流水体中磷的形态、矿化速率和周转时间进行分析研究。结果表明，B类型影响的河流水体中总磷（TP）、可溶解性总磷（TDP）和溶解性反应磷（SRP）浓度略高于A类型，却远低于C类型影响的河流水体；但河流水体中可酶解磷（EHP）浓度则相反，以A类型影响的河流水体最高，丰水期最高可达0．11mgL，而C类型影响的河流水体EHP浓度则较低。实验数据显示受农业影响的河流水体磷的矿化速率明显高于C类型影响的河流水体，尤其在丰水期，A类型影响的河流水体中磷的矿化速率最高可达1．437nmolL^-1min^-1研究表明水体中磷的矿化速率与EHP浓度呈正相关关系；受农业影响的河流水体磷的周转时间为3～7d，低于C类型影响的河流水体的9．1d。以上结果说明环太湖河流水体磷的形态分布、转化与影响水体的类型密切相关，生活污水对环太湖河流总磷贡献较大，而农业生产所产生的磷其生物可利用性更强。

英文摘要：

Water samples were collected for phosphorus （P） analysis in the rivers polluted with farming （Type-A）, fishery （Type-B） and domestic sewage （Type-C） in Taihu Basin, China. The results show that the total phosphorus （TP） , the total dissolved phosphorus （TDP） and the soluble reactive phosphorus （SRP） are slightly higher for Type-B river than Type-A river, but much lower than Type-C river. On the contrary, enzymatically hydrolysable phosphorus （EHP） in Type-A river is the highest with a maximum value of 0.11 mg L^-1 in high-water period, and is the lowest for Type-C. Laboratory analysis reveals that mineralization rate of organophosphorus is significantly higher for Type-A and-B rivers than that for Type-C, especially in high-water period with a maximum value of i. 437 nmol L ^-1 min^ -1 EHP is found to be positively related to mineralization rate, and organo-phosphorus has a regeneration period of 3 - 7 days in Type-A and-B rivers versus the 9.1 days in Type-C river. Overall, the distribution and mineralization rate of P are rivertype dependent. The major TP contributed from domestic sewage, while the phosphorus contributed from farming and fishcry is more readily available to plants in Taihu Lake.