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中文摘要：
提高养分资源利用效率是实现作物高产、资源高效和环境保护的基础。深入理解植物-土壤，尤其是根际互作过程及其调控机制，是挖掘作物生物学潜力，提高养分资源利用效率的关键。本群体在过去近20年中，在植物根际过程、根际调控机制和根际调控途径方面开展了创新性研究。本研究拟继续坚持上述研究方向，重点开展植物高效利用养分的生理与分子调控机制、根际生物互作过程的分子生物学和分子生态学研究。主要内容包括养分作为营养或信号调节根系生长发育的分子生物学机制，根系吸收转运养分的分子机制；根际和菌丝际生物互作机制及其在养分转化中的作用；根际特定微生物群落的结构和功能及其与地上部生物多样性的互馈机制；创新稳定性同位素探针根际原位研究技术，揭示菌丝际微生态环境中菌根真菌与其它微生物间的相互关系及其对养分转化的作用机理，为认识根际生物间的互作过程及其分子调控机制，进一步提高养分资源利用效率奠定基础。
英文摘要：
nutrient resource；rhizosphere processes；root system；regulation mechanisms；regulation approaches
结论摘要：
群体围绕“作物高效利用养分资源的根际调控机理”这一主题,以充分挖掘作物养分资源高效利用的生物学潜力为核心,重点从作物根系高效吸收养分的形态和生理机制、作物养分高效利用的根际过程、农田养分高效利用的调控途径等多个层面开展研究。完成 了项目计划规定的研究内容和目标,主要进展包括: (1)揭示了田间条件下土壤养分动态和地上部需求对玉米根系生长的调节作用;明确玉米育种进程中根系形态的变化趋势;阐明了玉米氮磷养分高效利用根构型的遗传基础, 证实根系、产量与养分效率的遗传学关系,实现基于根系氮磷高效性状的改良;明确了玉米铵转运蛋白介导的高亲和铵吸收过程及分子调控机制;揭示了低氮胁迫和局部供氮调节玉米根系生长的生理与分子机制,为建立农田养分高效利用的根际调控途径奠定了理论基础和材料支撑。 (2)阐明了局部养分供应促进根系生长和强化根际效应的机制,发现在关键生育时期保持局部养分供应强度和持续供应是发挥根系/根际高效活化和吸收养分的关键;揭示了根际生物互作强化根际过程、提高养分利用效率的机理,发现集约化农田深层土壤存在菌 根“库”,土著菌根真菌促进了植物生长和养分吸收;揭示了启动磷和铵肥强化菌丝际效应的机制;阐明了间套作种间互作的根际效应,建立了通过地下互利机制提高产量和养分效率的模型,为在农田条件下通过根际关键过程的调控实现高产高效的作物生产提供了理论支撑。 (3)揭示了我国化肥施用的增产效应及环境效应,明确了根层养分供应与地上群体动态的定量关系,构建了主要作物的根层养分调控的指标体系,创新了根层养分调控途径与 技术;建立了土壤-作物系统综合管理模型与调控途径,充分挖掘区域光温资源和养分调 控潜力,为保障粮食安全和环境安全的集约化现代农业发展提供了典型范例。在项目实施的三年中,群体的整体研究水平得到大幅度提升,共发表SCI论文123篇,其中影响因子高于3的论文64篇,包括Nature 3篇,PNAS 1篇,Plant Cell 1篇,Global C hange Biol 2篇,New Phytol 2篇,J Exp Bot 6篇,Adv Agron 1篇,Environ Sci Tec hnol 4篇等。培养硕士研究生62人,博士研究生40人,博士后2人。
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期刊论文
Maize Cultivar Selection and In-season Nitrogen Management Improve Grain Yield and Protein Concentra
Current potassium-management status and grain-yield response of Chinese maize to potassium applicati
Allosteric regulation of transport activity by heterotrimerization of arabidopsis ammonium transport
Temporal and spatial dynamics in root length density of field-grown maize and NPK in the soil profil
Understanding Dry Matter and Nitrogen Accumulation with Time-Course for High-Yielding Wheat Producti
Elucidating population establishment associated with N management and cultivars for wheat production
Temporal and spatial profiling of root growth revealed novel response of maize roots under various n
Eco-efficient agriculture for producing higher yields with lower greenhouse gas emissions: a case st
Plant diversity and overyielding: insights from belowground facilitation of intercropping in agricul
Diurnal dynamics of maize leaf photosynthesis and carbohydrate concentrations in response to differe
Facilitation of seedling growth and nutrient uptake by indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in in
Effects of nitrogen management on root morphology and zinc translocation from root to shoot of winte
Spatiotemporal changes in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community under different nitrogen inputs ov
Post-silking accumulation and partitioning of dry matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in maiz
Closing the yield gap could reduce projected greenhouse gas emissions: a case study of maize product
Fine root patterning and balanced inorganic phosphorus distribution in the soil indicate distinctive
Comparative analyses of three legume species reveals conserved and unique root extracellular protein
Comparison of nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen utilization efficiency between elite inbred lines a
The role of maize root size in phosphorus uptake and the productivity of maize/faba bean and maize/w
Characterization of quantitative trait loci for grain minerals in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum
Potassium requirement in relation to grain yield and genotypic improvement of irrigated lowland rice
In-season root-zone N management for mitigating greenhouse gas emission and reactive N losses in int
The reduction in zinc concentration of wheat grain upon increased phosphorus-fertilization and its m
In-Season Root-Zone Nitrogen Management Strategies for Improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency in High-Yie
Phosphorus supply level affects the regulation of phosphorus uptake by different arbuscular mycorrhi
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi promote the growth of Ceratocarpus arenarius (Chenopodiaceae) with no e
Inadequate root absorption may represent a major component limiting rice to use urea as sole nitroge
Higher leaf area and post-silking P uptake conferred by introgressed DNA segments in the backcross m
Remotely detecting canopy nitrogen concentration and uptake of paddy rice in the Northeast China Pla
Greenhouse gas emissions from a wheat-maize double cropping system with different nitrogen fertiliza
Interactive effects of phosphorus deficiency and exogenous auxin on root morphological and physiolog
Do lignification and silicification of the cell wall precede silicon deposition in the silica cell o
Net global warming potential and greenhouse gas intensity in a double cropping cereal rotation as af
Hyphosphere interactions between an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus and a phosphate solubilizing bacte
Role of Carbon Substrates Added in the Transformation of Surplus Nitrate to Organic Nitrogen in a Ca
Characterization of the plant traits contributed to high grain yield and high grain nitrogen concent
Zinc, Iron, Manganese and Copper Uptake Requirement in Response to Nitrogen Supply and the Increased
Proteomic analysis revealed nitrogen-mediated metabolic, developmental, and hormonal regulation of m
The reduction in zinc concentration of wheat grain upon increased phosphorus fertilization and its m
Critical nitrogen dilution curve for optimizing N management of winter wheat production in the North
Rhizosphere properties in monocropping and intercropping systems between faba bean (Vicia faba L.) a
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