中文摘要：

植物内生菌是近三十年来在国内外迅速受到关注的微生物类群，研究的角度不同，概念也比较混乱。本文就植物内生菌研究及其科学意义进行了综述和讨论。植物内生菌在国外广受关注，始于禾本科植物内生真菌以及林木内生真菌的特殊作用。产紫杉醇的红豆杉内生真菌被报道后，植物内生菌研究在生理活性物质领域开始暴发式的增加。通过对一年生草本植物、多年生草本植物、木本植物和藤本植物各部位的内生微生物的比较和分析，总结了植物内生菌的一些共性和特殊性，指出了植物内生菌研究的一些发展趋势。本文探讨植物内生菌对地球上的微生物物种总量的贡献。提出“植物体在自然界的实际生存状态实际上是微生物和植物的状态”的观点，导出植物育种实际上是“植物和微生物的共生体的培育”的观点。还讨论了植物内生菌对生态学、生物学、微生物的进化和物种形成、内生菌／宿主的联合代谢、以及植物保护学、畜牧兽医学、林学等领域的意义和影响。本文认为，植物内生菌研究打开了微生物资源的一个新局面，将在多个领域中产生更广泛的影响。植物内生菌研究的真正意义不仅在于其生态独特性，更在于微生物在宿主体内和宿主植物的协同作用及协同作用所产生的新功能和新物质。

英文摘要：

During the last 30 years, plant endophytes deserve more attention around the world although its definition still remains confused and controversy. In this review, major historic events in endophyte researches and their scientific significances were discussed. Scientists firstly focused on special roles of endophytic fungi within woody plants and Gramineae plants. After anticancer natural product taxol was found to be produced by a plant endophytic fungus in 1993, biologically active metabolites were widely screened from plant endophytic microbes in many countries. Though comparing and contrasting the endophytes from different tissues of annual grasses, perennial grasses, woody plants and vine plants, common and specific properties of these endophytes were reviewed. The tendency of researches on endophytes were revealed. Plant endophytes contributed a lot to the total amount of microbe species on the earth. This review pointed that ＂the real situation of plants in the nature were microbes-plants symbiota＂. Therefore, plant breeding were actually improvement of microbes-plants symbiota. Finally, the influences of endophytes on the ecology, biology, microbial evolution, species formation, plant-endophyte co-metabolism, plant protection, animal husbandry, veterinary science, forestry and some other fields were also discussed. Endophyte researches exhibit another view of microbial resources, significant impacts should be observed in many areas. The significance of endophytes not only rely on their niche, the ecological characterics, but also the synergism between endophytes and their hosts, resulting some new functions and new metabolites due to the co-metabolism and interactions.