中文摘要：

延时自我认知是在当前情境下个体对过去情境中有关自我的信息进行有效识别，是个体对过去自我的认知。本研究采用横向研究与纵向研究结合的方式，通过情境实验对31～42个月的早期儿童延时自我认知发生问题进行考察。结果表明：37—39个月是儿童延时自我认知发生的重要年龄，儿童延时自我认知发生的具体年龄为38个月；儿童延时自我认知的发生年龄不存在显著的性别差异。成人可以通过引导儿童的“看”和“听”，多给儿童反馈，使其意识到自我的发展变化；应促进儿童与同伴交往，学会与他人友好相处；应不断提高亲子互动的积极性与生动性，促进儿童自我认知能力的发展。

英文摘要：

Delayed self-recognition is the recognition of past self in the current context. The study, both a cross-sectional and a longitudinal study, was designed to investigate the emergence of 31 to 42 months of children＇s delayed self-recognition using the situational experiment. The results showed that the ability of delayed self-recognition occurred from 37 months to 39 months, and the general occurring time was the 38th month, and no gender difference was found.