中文摘要：

半开式注气海水提升系统是制造人工涌升流的重要方式之一。曝气头的离壁距离是影响半开式注气海水提升系统的重要因素。为此,专门设计由曝气头、直线导轨、绳索、活节螺丝、标尺和重物组成的试验系统,用以研究不同孔径的曝气头在不同气体流量、不同离壁距离时,不同高度下的涌升流流量。结果表明,气泡直径增大时产生的涌升流流量却有所减小;虽然曝气头的离壁距离与气泡直径的变化几乎没有影响,但还是会影响涌升流流量,因为改变曝气头的离壁距离还影响了涌升流半径纵向变化率;而对气泡驱动的涌升流流量影响最大的则是曝气头高度,在距曝气头高度为0.8~1.6 m的水域中,同一高度上涌升流流量随着离壁距离的减小而减小,并且涌升流流量的变化程度随着高度的降低也在逐渐变小,当距曝气头高度小于0.8 m时离壁距离对涌升流流量几乎没有影响,而当距曝气头高度超过1.6 m时离壁距离影响很大。综合考虑曝气头高度和离壁距离的影响,对理论公式进行适当修正后发现,与试验结果符合得很好,为人工涌升流系统的设计提供参考。

英文摘要：

The semi-open upwelling flow caused by air bubbler is one of the most important ways to generate artificial upwelling flow. The distance between the bubbler and nearby wall impacts the efficiency of the upwelling system greatly. In order to measure flowrate of upwelling flow at various altitudes, various gas flowrates when various distances between bubbler and wall being set based on various bubblers with various holes size, an experimental setup concluding bubbler, linear guideway, rope, live screw, ruler and weight were established. The experimental results show that： The flowrate of upwelling flow decreases slightly with the increasing of the bubble size. The distance between bubbler and wall doesn＇t affect the bubble size, but affects the upwelling flowrate obviously because of the induced variation of plume width. The most important factor to influence upwelling flowrate is the altitude of the bubbler. The upwelling flowrate at a certain altitude decreases with the decreasing of the distance between bubbler and wall when the bubbler being at the altitude ranging of 0.8-1.6 m. The flowrate difference of upwelling flow with different bubbler-wall distance reduces at low altitude. Moreover, no influence on the upwelling flowrate exists when the altitude of the bubbler lower than 0.8 m, while violent influence when higher than 1.6 m. After overall consideration of the bubbler-wall distance and bubbler altitude, a moderate modification of theoretical formula is carried out. Good agreements between theoretical results and experimental results are found. It is beneficial to design artificial upwelling system.