中文摘要：

随着人们对于离子液体参与自组装行为的重视,表面活性剂在其中构建溶致液晶的研究日益深入.选择离子液体作为组装介质,可将其优良特性引入到溶致液晶中,从而达到改善体系性质、扩展其应用范围的目的.本文总结了阳离子季铵盐类表面活性剂（常规单链、双链及Gemini型）、非离子表面活性剂（烷基聚氧乙醚类及植物甾醇类）及Pluronic双亲嵌段共聚物等在离子液体中自组装构建溶致液晶行为的研究进展,用可以反映溶剂内聚能密度的Gordon参数,对不同离子液体中形成溶致液晶的差异进行了分析,并对该领域的发展趋势进行了展望.

英文摘要：

The lyotropic liquid crystals（LLCs） are one important kind of aggregates formed by surfactants in solvent media and have wide applications in nanomaterial systhesis, chemical reaction environment, drug delivery, lubricating material, oil recovery and so on. Meanwhile, the ionic liquids（ILs） have currently widely used as novel nonaqueous media in the areas of organic synthesis and catalysis, biochemical engineering, materials science, electrochemistry, carbohydrate chemistry, and separation techniques for their unique characteristics of low melting temperature, negligible vapor pressure, wide electrochemical window, nonflammability, good catalytic properties, high thermal stability, and ionic conductivity. For these reasons, more and more attention has been paid to ILs as the self-assembly media. Among them, the LLCs formed by surfactants in ILs have received increasingly studies. Exploration on the LLC behaviors of surfactants in ILs may provide not only a better understanding of intermolecular actions in self-assembly, but also certain new properties to LLCs, like better thermostability compared to those constructed in aqueous media. For these reasons, this account here reviews the LLC phase behaviors in ILs of various surfactants, including quarternary ammonium cationic surfactant, alkyl polyoxyethylene nonionic surfactant and Pluronic block copolymer. For the cationic surfactants, several single chain molecules like the hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, and N-hexadecyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bromide, their phase behaviors in various ILs were summaried. Various LLC phases including the normal hexagonal, lamellar, and reverse bicontinuous cubic LLC phases could be detected in ethylammonium nitrate（EAN）. The hexagonal LLC phase with better thermostability was formed in EAN compared to that in water. For the molecule with two alkyl chains on one head, the dimethyldidodecylammonium bromide, the sponge and lamellar phases were observed in EAN and the sponge phas