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中文摘要：
古罗马的双面神（Janus）常被用来描述具有两种不同化学结构或性质的不对称粒子，Janus粒子由于自身的特殊性能在药物载体、电子器件和乳液稳定等方面表现出良好的发展势头，其应用前景日益受到人们的重视．目前，Janus粒子作为基本的组装基元受到越来越多的关注，相关组装方法也被广泛地研究，包括本体组装、界面组装和外界驱动力调控等，特别是Janus粒子的双亲修饰与功能化．本文综述了现今Janus粒子制备方法及对其进行修饰组装的最新研究进展，详细讨论比较了一步合成法、聚合物自组装法和晶种直接生长等方法的特点及差异，并对一些新型功能Janus粒子的设计及潜在的应用前景进行了展望．
英文摘要：
Janus particles have different or asymmetric hemispheres both in structure and chemical properties. These particles have attracted increasing attention because of their unique characteristics and potential in applications as drug carriers, electronic components, and stabilizers for emulsions. Controlled fabrication of organized aggregates using these Janus particles as novel building blocks is becoming well concerned. Several assembly strategies, including bulk, interfacial and environmental modulated organization, have been developed based on the amphiphilic modification and functionality of Janus particles. This review summarizes recent progress on the preparation, modification, and assembly techniques for Janus particles. Some novel methods, including one-step synthesis, self-assembly of polymers, and seed directed growth, are discussed in detail and compared. Trends for designing new functional Janus particles and their potential applications are identified.
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