设计了一种新型的双十字狭缝光阑,对涡旋光束经过不同的双十字光阑后的衍射特性分别进行了理论模拟和实验分析。研究结果表明,涡旋光束经过双十字光阑后在远场的光强分布为矩形亮斑阵列,选择合适的双十字狭缝的宽、长及中心的位置,可以使图样中的亮斑更清晰;衍射图样的矩形亮斑阵列外围亮斑总个数除以2,即为人射涡旋光束的拓扑荷数的值。双十字光阑提供了一种简单易行的测量涡旋光束拓扑荷数的方法。
In this paper, we introduce a new type of double cross aperture. The Fraunhofer diffraction patterns of a vortex beam through different double cross apertures are analyzed theoretically and experimentally. It is found that the pattern of the far-field diffraction intensity distribution displays a rectangular lattice array,which becomes much clearer by choosing suitable width, length and center of the double cross slit. The number of the light spot points of all external sides of the rectangular lattice array divided by two is just equal to the topological charge value of the measured optical vortex. Based on this property,a simple and feasible method is provided to detect the topological charges of an optical vortex beam.