利用轴棱锥(Axicon)产生无衍射贝塞尔(Bessel)光具有结构简单、转换效率高、光损伤阈值高等优点。但是由于它是锥体结构,存在加工难度大、成本高等缺点。利用球面透镜的球差设计出具有类似Axicon功能的双透镜系统,即透镜轴棱锥(Lensaxicon),它是由两个普通的球面透镜胶合而成的。通过对出射光线的控制.利用光学设计软件的自动优化功能,优化出满足条件的球面曲率半径。利用光线追迹法对所设计的Lensaxicon进行追迹模拟.所得的无衍射Bessel光的最大无衍射距离为109mm,并对不同传输位置的Bessel光横向光强分布进行了分析。实验采用准直扩束后的激光高斯光束垂直入射Lensaxicon来获得无衍射Bessel光,利用体视显微镜(可连续放大,最大放大倍数为50倍)和CCD照相机组成的系统对不同位置的截面光斑进行拍摄,实验结果与理论分析及光学仿真结果吻合。由于球面透镜的加工技术成熟、制造成本低,为无衍射Bessel光在实际领域中的应用创造了有利条件。
There are many advantages of generating non-diffracting Bessel beams by using axicon, including simple structure, high conversion efficiency and high optical damage threshold. But for its conical structure, axicon is hard and expensive to manufacture. Based on the spherical aberration of the spherical surfaces, an axiconlike cemented doublet system was designed, namely lens axicon, which was composed of two general spherical lens. Spherical curvature radius was optimized through controlling the exit rays and using the automatic optimization function of optical design software. The designed lens axicon was traced by using the ray tracing method, and the simulated maximum non-diffracting distance is 109 mm. Moreover, the transverse intensity distributions of the Bessel beam in different propagation positions were analyzed. The non- diffracting Bessel beam was obtained by illuminating the collimated and expanded Gaussian beam into lens axicon, the section facula in different propagation positions were captured by using the microscope and CCD camera. Experimental results match closely with the theoretical analysis and optical simulation. Since the spherical lens is inexpensive and easy to manufacture, it creates favorable conditions for the practical application of Bessel beam.