中文摘要：

根据α-珠蛋白基因起始密码子上游及终止密码子下游的保守序列设计引物，以牦牛基因组DNA为模板克隆并测定了α-珠蛋白基因序列。结果表明，所测的氨基酸序列与牦牛α-珠蛋白链的氨基酸序列完全相同，即为牦牛α1-珠蛋白基因，长706bp，编码141个氨基酸。通过与其他物种的同源性比较，发现牦牛α1-珠蛋白基因的核苷酸序列与黄牛和水牛的同源性分别为99．71％和98．58％，与山羊、绵羊、人和马的同源性只有96．0：3％、95．57％、68．55％和51．13％；氨基酸序列与黄牛和水牛的同源性分别为99．29％和96．45％，与山羊、绵羊、人和马的同源性只有92．90％、91．49％、87．23％和87．23％，说明牛亚科α-珠蛋白基因在进化上高度保守。同时发现第254位的碱基A为牦牛α1-珠蛋白基因所特有。牦牛的两个α1-珠蛋白基因长度相等，都为706bp，且间距为2．47kb，距离比山羊的远。

英文摘要：

The α-globin gene of yak was amplified and cloned by using the primers based on the conserved region of the upstream from the initiation codon and the downstream from the termination codon. The putative amino acid was completely consistent with the known amino acid of yak α1-globin chain, indicating the cloning sequence was yak α1-globin gene with the length of 706 bp coding 141 amino acids. DNA sequence comparison with that of cattle, buffalo, goat, sheep, human, horse suggests the homologies being 99. 71%, 98.58%, 96. 03%, 95.57%, 68. 55% and 51.13% , respectively; and amino acid comparison being 99. 29%, 96. 45%, 92. 90% , 91.49%, 87.23% and 87.23%, respectively. The result of BLAST indicated that the α-globin gene of bovine subfamily was conserved in evolution. The A base at the 254th was the characteristic base of yak α1-globin gene. The two α-globin genes of yak had equivalent length of 706 bp and their intergenic region had the length of 2.47 kb which is farther than that of goat.