中文摘要：

白粉病是橡胶树生产中最重要的病害之一,是由粉孢属病菌Oidium heveae Steinm.引起.目前,对该病原菌在寄主中侵染行为及其与寄主互作的组织细胞学尚缺乏系统研究.本文利用显微技术,结合多种染色方法,观察了橡胶树白粉菌侵染橡胶树叶组织的细胞学变化及寄主的抗性反应.O.heveae在寄主上发育要经历5个关键发育时间点,即分生孢子萌发高峰（4 hpi）、附着胞形成高峰（8 hpi）、侵入结构（初生吸器）形成高峰（15 hpi）、次生菌丝形成高峰（24 hpi）、分生孢子梗形成高峰（5 dpi）;分生孢子萌发侵入寄主前,其能量来自自身贮存的能量物质.在互作过程中,病原菌初生吸器形成之后,橡胶树叶组织开始出现明显的氧暴发、胼胝质和乳突等抗性反应,活性氧在橡胶树与病原菌互作中起到了重要的作用,当橡胶树叶片中活性氧积累较低时,有利于O.heveae的发育及入侵,活性氧积累较高时,则引发寄主氧暴发等以阻止病原菌进一步扩展.O.heveae在寄主上发育的5个关键发育时间点分别属于病原菌侵染前期、潜育期和侵染后期,橡胶树叶组织早期亲和互作与中后期非亲和互作保持了专性寄生菌与寄主间发育平衡的进化关系.

英文摘要：

Powdery mildew, a disease caused by Oidium heveae Steinm. is one of the most important leaf diseases that affect rubber tree plantations. Yet, at present there is a lack of systematic cytological research on the infec- tion process and host-pathogen interactions. This study used a combination of various staining techniques and mi- croscopy to observe the O. heveae infection process and the cytological changes in the infected leaves associated with host resistance response. The infection of O. heveae in the host developed through 5 crucial time points： conidia germination peak at 4 hours post infection （hpi）, appressoria formation peak （8 hpi）, penetration struc- ture （primary haustoria） formation peak （15 hpi）, secondary hyphae formation peak （24 hpi） and conidiophore formation peak at 5 days post infection. Prior to haustorium penetration into the host cells, the energy for the process came from conidium~s own energy reserves. After the formation of pathogen＇s primary haustoria, in re- sponse to pathogen penetration, the rubber tree leaves initiated resistance reactions, including reactive oxygen burst and formation of calluses and papillae. Reactive oxygen species played an important role in the rubber tree- pathogen interactions. Low ROS levels in the rubber tree leaves allowed the development and penetration of O. heveae. In contrast, high levels of ROS and resultant oxygen burst prevent further pathogen expansion. The development of O. heveae infection in the host ：proceeded through 5 crucial time points, including the initial peri-od of pathogen infection, latent period and post-infection period. In the leaves of rubber tree, an early phase of compatible host-pathogen interactions and later phase of incompatible interactions preserve the balance in the evo- lution of obligatory host-pathogen relationships.