中文摘要：

类比设计的目标在于将其他领域的设计知识转移到目标领域,因此能够有效提高新产品设计的效率.按照类比源的不同,将类比设计分为基于人造系统的类比设计、基于生物系统的类比设计和基于规则的类比设计,并针对第2类类比设计进行研究.基于类比设计的过程,提出基于通用属性和通用操作的生物和技术功能的形式化描述方法,总结出通用属性特征集和通用操作特征集,并提供了一种定量化计算生物系统与产品系统之间相似程度的方法,归纳了将生物原型转化成为技术系统的流程.最后,以一种婴儿体温测温降温仪为例进一步验证本方法的有效性和实用性.

英文摘要：

Analogy‐based design （ABD） is a kind of method to apply design knowledge from other field into the target field and can enhance innovation efficiency effectively .From the respect of source knowledge ,ABD was divided into three types that was based on man‐made system ,based on bionic system and based on rules .This paper focused on the second type and provided a formal method to describe biological and technical function based on general attribute and general opera‐tions .Two general characteristic sets of attribute and operation respectively were summarized ,a computational method to measure the similar degree and a process to transform biological proto‐type into technical system were proposed .Lastly a new product called physical cooler ,which was an instrument for measuring and cooling infant temperature ,was taken as an example to further demonstrate the former method .